... smoke [57], and physical and chemical stresses [58], activate the IKK complexes, which are comprised of three subunits: IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ/ NEMO. IKKα and IKKβ are catalytic subunits, and IKKγ ... proteins, IκBα [35], IκBβ [36] and IκBε [37], and two atypical IκB proteins, Bcl-3 [38] and IκBζ, which act in a different way [39]. The precursor proteins p100 (NFKB2) and p105 (NFKB1) also act ... NF-κB and transcription of IL-8. Another study revealed that rats exposed to ozone subsequently show time- and dose-dependent activation of NF-κB and modulate penetration of neutrophils and monocytes...