Measurement of enzymatic browning

... 5, 1987-JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE-1259 MEASUREMENT OF BROWNING IN RAW FRUITS inhibiting browning in apple wedges. Since the most character- istic manifestation of enzymatic browning is sample ... RESULTS & DISCUSSION Measurement of browning at cut surfaces Preliminary observations of the cut surfaces of apple and pear plugs indicated that enzymatic browning occurred grad- ually ... indicated that browning in the freshly pre- Table Z -Measurement of browning at cut surface of apple plugs held at 20°C by tristimulus reflectance calorimetry Extent of L - value browning a...

... in-volvement of POD in enzymatic browning of litchi fruit.The success of commercial sulphite treatment incontrolling litchi pericarp browning is an evidence forthe hypothesis that the browning ... reviews enzymatic browning of litchi fruitafter harvest, with an emphasis on recent advances.2. Enzymes2.1. Polyphenol oxidaseLitchi pericarp tissue browning is mainly due to theoxidation of ... understanding of enzymatic browning in harvestedlitchi fruitYueming Jianga,b,*, Xuewu Duana, Daryl Joycec, Zhaoqi Zhangd, Jianrong LibaDepartment of Plant Resources, South China Institute of...

... obtained. An index of treatment Volume 54, No. 4, 1989-JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE-997 CONTROL OF ENZYMATIC BROWNlNG IN APPLE. . , Table 1 -Inhibition of enzymatic browning at cut surface of Red Delicious ... 1989-JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE-999 CONTROL OF ENZYMATIC BROWNING IN APPLE. . . Table 5-Inhibition of enzymatic browning in Granny Smith juice by cyclodaxtrins (CD) and combinations of CD’S with ... experiments 14 and 16 were not reolicated. Table 7-Inhibition of enzymatic browning at cut surface of Winesap plugs by combinations of Sporix and ascorbic acid (AA) Percent inhibition’ Expt....

... potatotuber.Thislackofbruisingsensitivityintransgenic potatoes, andtheabsenceofanyapparent detrimentalsideeffectsopenthepossibility of preventing enzymatic browning in awidevariety of foodcrops ... 472.4%homology.AtleastfivedifferentPPOgenesorallelicvariants of thesegenesareexpressedinthepotatotuber(Table1;A-E).ThemostabundantlyrepresentedtranscriptinthistubercDNAlibrarybelongstotheClassIIgenefamily(B-E).Inthisgroup,transcriptsfromtheBgeneoccuratthehighestfrequency.Construction of T-DNAvectorscarryingantisensePPOcDNAs.Inordertomaximizethechances of achievingahighlevel of antisenseinhibition of PPOgeneexpression,wedesignedaseries of antisenseconstructswhichcontaineitherthefull-lengthPPOgeneora5'-8O0bpsection of bothclasses of PPOgenes.WeusedtheCaMV35Spromoterwhichgiveshighexpressionlevelsthroughouttheplant16,aswellastwopromoterswhichdirectexpressionmorespecificallytothepotatotuber:thegranule-boundstarchsynthaseG2817(GBSS)andpatatintypeI15promoters. ... application of antioxidants.Received31 May1994; accepted 1August1994.Thedevelopment of brown discoloration in a widerange of fruit and vegetables reduces consumeracceptability and is thus of significant...

... 1/2 browning. The browning grade was calculated using the following formula: Browning grade=S (browning scale×proportion of corresponding fruit within each class).2.3.Assays of contents of anthocyanin, ... PPO activity of bothchitosan treatments increased slowly and reachedTable 1Effects of chitosan coating on browning of pericarp of litchifruit during storage at 4°C*Days of Browning gradestorage2.0% ... assessments of browning, enzymeactivities, and total phenolics.D. Zhang, P.C. Quantick/Posthar6est Biology and Technology12 (1997) 195 – 2021972.2. Browning assessment Browning of fruit was...

... aneffective involvement of pear POD in enzymatic browning. Keywords: Enzymatic browning; pear; peroxidase; polyphenol oxidaseINTRODUCTION Browning of damaged tissues of fruits and vegetablesduring ... substrates of enzymatic browning but alsosome phenolic compounds which are bad substrates oreven inhibitors of PPO.Oxidation of Phenolic Compounds by Combina-tion of PPO and POD. Oxidation of 1 ... affinity of pear PPO for its natural substrates (Gauillard andRichard-Forget, 1997), are in agreement with an effec-tive involvement of pear POD in enzymatic browning. Thus, in the presence of an...

... boiling time and the degree of starch swelling (Crosbie 1992). Accurate measurement of the color of boiled noodles necessitates the use of a method that minimizes the effect of variation on final ... of translucency of noodles made from the soft, low-FSV wheat flour and the soft, high-FSV wheat flour (9.25% protein) were 39.75 and 43.75%, respectively. The mean levels of translucency of ... values of raw WSN sheets from soft and hard wheat flour samples. Measurements of L*, a*, and b* usually give low standard deviations (SD) using the method described and this study gave mean SD of...

... aspects of measurement scales areconsidered before going on to examine the attributes of instruments for the measurement of spasticity.Level of measurement There are four distinct levels of measurement ... explored.Use of scales to measure spasticityRequirements of measurement scalesSince most measurement of spasticity is performedusing clinical scales, it is useful first to examine theproperties of these ... assessment – level of measurement The Tardieu method of assessment provides a com-posite measure of spasticity. The quality of the mus-cle reaction (X) is a categorical level of measure-ment...

... Italy28: Also at Faculty of Physics of University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia29: Also at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA30: Also at University of Florida, Gainesville, ... of 24 Eur. Phys. J. C (2012) 72:2080different kinematic regions with varying transverse momen-tum of γ∗/Z due to harder or softer initial-state radiation(ISR). The comparison of the UE measurement ... expressed in terms of the average of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of primary charged particles perunit pseudorapidity per unit azimuthal separation. The ra-tio of the energy and...

... 18 transcripts with a total of 11,704words and a mean length of utterance of 2.9, and(B) 23 transcripts with a total of 40,819 words and amean length of utterance of 7.0.5.2 ResultsScores ... several areas of human lan-guage technologies. Similarly, in the study of childlanguage, the availability of large amounts of elec-tronically accessible empirical data in the form of child language ... Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the ACL, pages 197–204,Ann Arbor, June 2005.c2005 Association for Computational LinguisticsAutomatic Measurement of Syntactic Development...