color atlas of clinical orthopedics - m szendroi, f sim (springer, 2009)

... therapy A. Mechanism of edema fluid mobilization by diuretics Edema Hemoconcentration Collapse, danger of thrombosis Salt and fluid retention Mobilization of edema fluid Protein molecules Colloid osmotic pressure Diuretic EFV: Na + , ... doses of acetyl- salicylic acid. Clofibrate and derivatives (bezafi- brate, etofibrate, gemfibrozil) lower plas- ma lipids by an unknown mechanism. T...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 00:15

... effective treatment, but does not provide benefit beyond 3–5 y and is fol- lowed by gradual loss of symptom con- trol, on-off fluctuations, and develop- ment of orobuccofacial and limb dyski- nesias. ... agonists stimulate dopa- mine receptors (D 2 , D 3 , and D 1 sub- types), have lower clinical efficacy than levodopa, and share its main adverse ef- fects. Inhibitors of monoamine oxi...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... via unmyelinated (C-fibers, conduction ve- locity 0.2–2.0 m/ s) and myelinated ax- ons (A!-fibers, 5–30 m/ s). The free end- ings of A! fibers respond to intense pressure or heat, those of C-fibers re- spond ... the duration of the effect depends on the rate of enzyme resynthesis. Further- more, salicylate may contribute to the effect. ASA irritates the gastric mucosa (direct acid e...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2013, 19:15

... (B). Effects of opioids (B). The analge- sic effect results from actions at the lev- el of the spinal cord (inhibition of noci- ceptive impulse transmission) and the brain (attenuation of impulse ... plas- ma level with the attending risk of un- wanted toxic effects and tolerance de- velopment. Preferred alternatives in- clude the use of controlled-release preparations of morphi...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 02:15

... lipophilic domains of membrane proteins is also conceivable. Anesthetic potency can be expressed in terms of the minimal al- veolar concentration (MAC) at which 50% of patients remain immobile fol- lowing ... cate- cholamines as antihypotensives or toco- lytics). This effect is much less pro- nounced with enflurane and isoflurane. Unlike halothane, enflurane and isoflu- rane have a musc...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2013, 02:15

... resemblance to 5-HT (p. 116), and chemically synthesized ampheta- mine-derived hallucinogens (4-methyl- 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine; 3,4-di- methoxyamphetamine; 2,5-dimethoxy- 4-ethyl amphetamine) ... to commit suicide. In- toxication is followed by a phase of in- tense fatigue, feelings of shame, and hu- miliating emptiness. The mechanism of the psychoto- genic effect remains unclear. Som...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 02:15

... hypoglycemic effect can result from drug interactions: dis- placement of antidiabetic drug from plasma protein-binding sites by sulfon- amides or acetylsalicylic acid. Metformin, a biguanide deriva- tive, ... of HMG and HCG. HMG or human menopausal gonadotropin is obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women and is rich in FSH activity. HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin, from the uri...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 02:15

... surfaces, may cause infections of mucous membranes, less frequently of the skin or internal or- gans when natural defenses are im- paired (immunosuppression, or damage of microflora by broad-spectrum ... animal plasma mem- branes. Fungi exposed to imidazole de- rivatives stop growing (fungistatic ef- fect) or die (fungicidal effect). The spec- trum of affected fungi is very broad. Be-...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2013, 02:15