scientific american - 1998 02 - wrapping up the universe
scientific american - 1998 02 - wrapping up the universe
... well. They were long; the thigh was shorter than the shin,and the fibula, the bone to the side of the shinbone, was re- The Origin of Birds and Their Flight Scientific American February 1998 43Bones ... bats, the hand part of the wing generates the thrust, and the rest of the wing provides the lift.Jeremy M. V. Rayner of the University of Bristol showed in the late 1970s that the down-and-forward ... crumble un-der the rules of the new economy. In-stead of justifying the common good, anatural monopoly hinders its growth.Here is the friction-free-economy inter-pretation of the two pillars:1....
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scientific american - 1998 01 - flying over the solar system
... of a tiny needle. They also tested the glucose levels in these volunteers by the finger-stick method. They found thatboth the skin-fluid sample and the fin-ger-stick measured the correct glucoselevels ... outside the cell and the other inside. The component outside the cell is the extracellu-lar matrix; the compressive “girders” inside the cell can be ei-ther microtubules or large bundles of cross-linked ... determineshow these fragments fit together toform a musical grammar of sorts. When the program then modulates the frag-ments and mixes them back together, the resulting music has the same styleas the...
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scientific american - 1998 04 - the unwired world
... andapplied them to the time-honored tech-nology of fuel cells. The key was in the packaging. Whereas most fuel-cell re-searchers start with the design of the electrolyte and electrodes, Hockaday re-alized ... aperture, the su-perconducting magnet deflects the neg-atively charged electrons in one direc-tion and the positively charged protonsand positrons in the other. The detectorsmeasure the charge ... moves ran-domly at the intersections. The antipar-ticles could travel only a few hundredmillion light-years from their startingpoint, even if they were given the entireage of the universe...
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scientific american - 1998 11 - greenland's mysterious meteor - fire over the ice
... one of those Tranquilli-ty-base-here -the- Eagle-has-landed,NASA-flight-control jubilation scenes.Laima is the Latvian goddess of goodfortune, and the name was a homageto the heritage of Juris ... firsttime. The heat is daunting. As the after-noon wears on, the debate betweenJohnson and Fiedel moves first oneway, then the other, like a tug-of-war. The debate might never be resolved. The site’s ... roamed the alternative universe of the abstract. It was then thathe found the third piece of the puzzle, the one that joined the other two. The connection, appropriately enough, wasstring theory,...
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scientific american - 2004 02 - the future looks flexible
... that the mi-grating bats may not be usingtheir echolocation when the collisions occur. Others spec-ulate that the wind turbinesmay be emitting high-pitchedsounds that draw the bats to the ... within the lu-nar soil. The Arecibo team, headed by Bruce A.Campbell of the Center for Earth and Plane-tary Studies at the Smithsonian Institution,used 70-centimeter-wavelength radar toprobe up ... long pon-dered the factors that might have led to gi-gantism among theropods, the bipedal andmostly carnivorous dinosaurs. (Besides T. rex,four species in two other groups the car-charodontosaurs...
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scientific american - 1993 02 - beating resistance in superconductors
... the superconduc-tor. There they decorate the regions where the magnet-ic-flux lines pass through the surface. The iron parti-cles “stick” to the surface be-cause of the slight attractiveforces ... heightof the tubes) across the surface of the sample. The Þeld is largest at the cen-ter of each vortex. The projection be-low the image depicts the vortices aswhite dots and shows that they form ... magnetic“smoke.” The iron particlesin the smoke are quite small,about 100 angstroms in di-ameter. They drift around the baffle, which protects the sample from the heat, to the surface of the superconduc-tor....
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scientific american - 1993 06 - tuning in the radio signals of ancient galaxies
... the wom-en in the rural areas have that same cy-cle, and they teach the same values totheir children. They teach their sons toorder; they teach their daughters thatthey must serve even their ... thanthey do in the laboratory. This so-calledredshift is caused by the overall expan-sion of the universe, which reddens, orstretches, the light. The farther awayone looks, the greater the ... Moreover, the depth at which the measured proÞle departsfrom the undisturbed geothermal gra-dient is related to the time that climat-ic change began. The details of the pro-Þle between the surface...
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scientific american - 1994 02 - do aerosols slow climatic warming
... aggre-gate. The parts of the receptors that lieinside the cell then assume a distinc-tive enzymatic role: they attach phos-phate groups to themselves and to oneanother at the sites of the amino ... inter-ests extend beyond Europe. We there-fore need to consider the tanks andother armored forces elsewhere around the world. In the Middle East, Iraq had the most extensive array of up- to-datetanks ... Stealth Þght-ers, F-15s and F-16sÑAmericaÕs top-of- the- line ÞghtersÑand the sturdy A-10ground-attack airplane. Marine and navyaviation units will augment this total.Control of the seas has...
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scientific american - 1995 02 - bubbles turn sound into light
... ellipticcurves. Further, these curves would vio-late certain conditions set forth in an-other famous supposition in numbertheory, the Taniyama-Shimura conjec-ture. In 1986 Kenneth Ribet of the Uni-versity ... cheek-by-snoutwith people movinginto coastal areas pop-ulated with the ani-malsÕ prized food. Ko-alas prefer to eat the leaves of less than adozen of the 650 na-tive varieties of euca-lyptus ... ÒOnthat basis, a Native American folk leg-end of the origin of humans should betaken as seriously as the theory of evo-lution.Ó In their book, Higher Supersti-tion: The Academic Left and Its...
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scientific american - 1995 05 - what found the top quark
... inhibitcandor when they are posed the ques-tion, ÒHow big is the diÝerence?Ó (Fur-ther, the work has not yet been peer-re-viewed or published, so the team re-mains quite cautious about the details.)Essentially ... DNA, the ruthenium-ribose combination revealedsomething extraordinary. The researchers examined the electri-cal properties of short lengths of dou-ble-helix DNA in which there was aruthenium ... small and medi-um-size businesses.Until the early 1990s, the World Bankignored the economic signiÞcance ofthese events or dismissed them as irrel-evant. At the same time, however, the historical...
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