an introduction to conditional random fields for relational learning

... a random variable with mean p and variance p(1 − p)/N. For large N, the distribution of the random vari- able f approaches the normal distribution. Hence we can derive a confidence interval for ... items, is an instance of a structured learning problem. In general, struc- tured learning means learning to predict outputs that have internal structure. This structure can be mode...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... the effect of filtering, chunk information and non-local information on final performance. Table 6 shows the performance re- sult for the recognition task. L means the upper bound of the length ... representa- tion that can capture informative charac- teristics of entities. We also introduce a simple trick to transfer information about distant entities by embedding label infor- mation into...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... self -learning (Celeux and Govaert 1992; Yarowsky 1995), co- training (Blum and Mitchell 1998), information- theoretic regularization (Corduneanu and Jaakkola 2006; Grandvalet and Bengio 2004), and ... sequences to be labeled, and be a random variable over corresponding label sequences. All components, , of are assumed to range over a finite label alphabet . For example, might range o...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... 43rd Annual Meeting of the ACL, pages 451–458, Ann Arbor, June 2005. c 2005 Association for Computational Linguistics Using Conditional Random Fields For Sentence Boundary Detection In Speech Yang ... is important for enriching speech recogni- tion output, making it easier for humans to read and downstream modules to process. In previous work, we have developed hid- den Mar...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

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Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... Association for Computational Linguistics Generalized Expectation Criteria for Semi-Supervised Learning of Conditional Random Fields Gideon S. Mann Google Inc. 76 Ninth Avenue New York, NY 10011 Andrew ... these methods can often find good solutions, both are quite sensitive to the selection of auxiliary information, and making good selections requires significant in- sight. 2 3...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... utterances with 13,190 words. These utter- ances were hand coded for pitch accent and intona- tional phrase brakes. 3.1 Pitch Accent Coding The utterances were hand labeled for accents and boundaries ... used before for this task, namely information content (IC) (Pan and McKeown, 1999) and mutual information (Pan and Hirschberg, 2001). However, the measures we have used encompass simila...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... previewing private financial, patient, or human resources data, are far more serious, can be damaging to reputations, and can cause financial liability for a company. What can these enemies do? ... which an organization operates. In addition, companies must decide who is responsible for enforcing and managing these policies and determine how employees are informed of the rules...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20