elliott, d f (1987) handbook of digital signal processing - engineering applications

... Direct-form 2DIP Decimation-in-frequencyDIT Decimation-in-timeDPCM Differential pulse code modulationDRO Digit-reversed orderDSP Digital signal processing DST Discrete sine transformDTFT ... view-point. New fast Fourier transform (FFT) ideas include in-place and in-ordermixed-radix FFTs, FFTs computed in nonorthogonal coordinates, and primefactor and Winograd Fourier ... transformCRT Chinese remainder theoremCSD Canonic sign digitDA Distributed arithmeticDAC Digital- to-analog converterDCT Discrete cosine transformDFT Discrete Fourier transformDF2 Direct-form...

... (DSP) of sound has emergedfrom the shadow of bandwidth-limited speech processing. Today, the main appli-cations of audio DSP are high quality audio coding and the digital generation andmanipulation ... Cambridge from 198 5-8 8. Following graduation he led the technical de-velopment team at the newly-formed CEDAR Audio Ltd., researching and developingDSP algorithms for restoration of degraded sound ... University of Leiden where he received the degree of M.Sc.in 1984. In 1983 he was awarded a prize of DF1 45000 ,- by Job Creation, for aninnovative idea in the field of electro-acoustics. During...

... from the DSK 341 D. 1 SPTool and FDATool for FIR Filter Design 462 D. 2 SPTool and FDATool for IIR Filter Design 465 D. 3 FIR Filter Design Using MATLAB’s Student Version 468 D. 4 Multiband FIR Filter ... Adaptive FIR for System ID of Fixed IIR as an Unknown System 2757.7 Adaptive Predictor for Cancellation of Narrowband Interference Added to a Desired Wideband Signal 2757.8 Adaptive Predictor for ... Cancellation of Narrowband Interference Added to a Desired Wideband Signal Using External Inputs 2808.1 Sum of Products with Word-Wide Data Access for Fixed-PointImplementation Using C Code 2878.2...

... and amplitude). Pro-cessing of signals can be done either in the analog or digital domain. To perform the processing of an analog signal in the digital domain, it is required that a digital signal ... the undergraduate level, often struggle and spend a fair amount of their time debugging C and MATLAB code instead of placing their efforts into understanding signal processing system design issues. ... digitization process is achieved via an analog-to -digital (A /D) converter. The field of DSP involves the manipulation of digital signals in order to extract useful informa-tion from them.There are many...

... each band.In Fig. 52.8, we give optimal coding gains as a function of the number of channels.FIGURE 52.8: Maximum coding gain as function of the number of channels for different one-dimensional ... case.52.2.4 Decomposition by Differential CodingIn closed-loop differential coding, the generic encoder structure (Fig. 52.1) is not valid as the quantizeris placed inside a feedback loop. The decoder, ... Coders: State -of- the-Art52.5 Fractal CodingMathematical Background•Mean-Gain-Shape AttractorCoding•Discussion52.6 Color CodingReferences52.1 Introduction Digital representation of images...

... Quantization Errors3.4 Floating-Point Quantization Errors3.5 Roundoff NoiseRoundoff Noisein FIR Filters•Roundoff Noisein Fixed-PointIIR Filters•Roundoff Noise in Floating-Point IIR Filters3.6 Limit ... Bomar, B.W., Low-roundoff-noise limit-cycle-free implementation of recursive transfer func-tions on a fixed-point digital signal processor,IEEE Trans. Industr. Electron.,41, 70–78, Feb.1994.[17] ... floating-point roundoff noise. The use of a low roundoff noise struc-ture for the second-order sections also tends to give a realization with low coefficient quantizationsensitivity. First-order...

... be found in the literature. A common form applies iterativeminimization of the squared value of the displaced frame difference (DFD) along the steepestgradient of the luminance function: D i= ... Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the luminancefunction F( x,n)will be notated as G (f ,n). The so-called phase difference matrix PD(x,n)iscalculated according to:PDx,n= F −1G f ,n· ... function: D i= D i−1−12· α ·δ/ D i−1xδ/ D i−1yDFD2x ,D i−1,n(54.16)c1999 by CRC Press LLCwhere the DFD is defined as:DFDx ,D i−1,n= F x,n− F x − D i−1,n− 1(54.17)and: D i= D ix D iy(54.18)As...

... types of PSF can be derived using principles of optics, if the source of theblur is known [7]. For example, out -of- focus and motion blur PSF can be parameterized with a fewparameters. Further, ... LLCImageandVideoRestorationA.MuratTekalpUniversityofRochester53.1Introduction53.2ModelingIntra-FrameObservationModel•MultispectralObserva-tionModel•MultiframeObservationModel•RegularizationModels53.3ModelParameterEstimationBlurIdentification•EstimationofRegularizationParameters•EstimationoftheNoiseVariance53.4Intra-FrameRestorationBasicRegularizedRestorationMethods•RestorationofIm-agesRecordedbyNonlinearSensors•RestorationofImagesDegradedbyRandomBlurs•AdaptiveRestorationforRing-ingReduction•BlindRestoration(Deconvolution)•Restora-tionofMultispectralImages•RestorationofSpace-VaryingBlurredImages53.5MultiframeRestorationandSuperresolutionMultiframeRestoration•Superresolution•SuperresolutionwithSpace-VaryingRestoration53.6ConclusionReferences53.1 IntroductionDigitalimagesandvideo,acquiredbystillcameras,consumercamcorders,orevenbroadcast-qualityvideocameras,areusuallydegradedbysomeamountofblurandnoise.Inaddition,mostelectroniccamerashavelimitedspatialresolutiondeterminedbythecharacteristicsofthesensorarray.Commoncausesofblurareout -of- focus,relativemotion,andatmosphericturbulence.Noisesourcesincludefilmgrain,thermal,electronic,andquantizationnoise.Further,manyimagesensorsandmediahaveknownnonlinearinput-outputcharacteristicswhichcanberepresentedaspointnonlinearities.Thegoalofimageandvideo(imagesequence)restorationistoestimateeachimage(frameorfield)asitwouldappearwithoutanydegradations,byfirstmodelingthedegradationprocess,andthenapplyinganinverseprocedure.Thisisdistinctfromimageenhancementtechniqueswhicharedesignedtomanipulateanimageinordertoproducemorepleasingresultstoanobserverwithoutmakinguseofparticulardegradationmodels.Ontheotherhand,superresolutionreferstoestimatinganimageataresolutionhigherthanthatoftheimagingsensor.Imagesequencefiltering(restorationandsuperresolution)becomesespeciallyimportantwhenstillimagesfromvideoaredesired.Thisisbecausetheblurandnoisecanbecomeratherobjectionablewhenobservinga“freeze-frame”,althoughtheymaynotbevisibletothehumaneyeattheusualframerates.Sincemanyvideosignalsencounteredinpracticeareinterlaced,weaddressthecasesofbothprogressiveandinterlacedvideo.c1999byCRCPressLLC[44] ... LLCImageandVideoRestorationA.MuratTekalpUniversityofRochester53.1Introduction53.2ModelingIntra-FrameObservationModel•MultispectralObserva-tionModel•MultiframeObservationModel•RegularizationModels53.3ModelParameterEstimationBlurIdentification•EstimationofRegularizationParameters•EstimationoftheNoiseVariance53.4Intra-FrameRestorationBasicRegularizedRestorationMethods•RestorationofIm-agesRecordedbyNonlinearSensors•RestorationofImagesDegradedbyRandomBlurs•AdaptiveRestorationforRing-ingReduction•BlindRestoration(Deconvolution)•Restora-tionofMultispectralImages•RestorationofSpace-VaryingBlurredImages53.5MultiframeRestorationandSuperresolutionMultiframeRestoration•Superresolution•SuperresolutionwithSpace-VaryingRestoration53.6ConclusionReferences53.1...

... analog signal sources, suchas voice, data, and video, the role of analog-to -digital interface is essential. In voice data processing and communication, an accurate digital form is often desired to ... Press LLCFIGURE 5.16: Plot of noise-shaping effect of the delta-sigma modulator comparing the noise powerleft within the baseband f h. The noise (cross-hatched region) of a first-order modulator ... and resolution. Detailed description of thesetrade-offs and designs can be found in the references [1]–[5].c1999 by CRC Press LLC5.4 Analog-to -Digital Converter ArchitecturesThe analog-to-digital...