... problems, spectral finite element methods, finite element multigrid methods, hierarchic higher-order finite element methods (hp-FEM), and others (see, e.g., [9,23,69, 1051 and [ 1 1 11). ... will facilitate the study of PDEs and finite element methods to all others significantly. The core Chapters 14 provide an introduction to the theory of PDEs and finite element methods. Chapter ... comparison of the piecewise-affine FEM and hp-FEM. 447 B.2 Efficiency comparison of the piecewise-affine FEM and hp-EM. 450 B.3 Efficiency comparison of the piecewise-affine FEM and hp-FEM. 454...