... Gomaa, A. J. Alimin, K .A. Kamarudin Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Abstract ... 1.1 Jatropha Curcas Jatropha plant can grow in waste lands and consumes less water. Furthermore, biodiesel produced from Jatropha has advantages compared to conventional diesel fuel (DF). The ... emission. Although JBD has many advantages, but it still has several disadvantages, one of them is higher NOX emission compared to DF. The higher NOX emission is a common disadvantage of...