handbook of mtbe and other gasoline oxygenates

... have already phased lead out of their gasoline pool and are replacing it with oxygenates such as MTBE. Due to the relative ease in blending of MTBE into gasoline, easy transportation and storage, as well ... the support of the Research Institute of the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. Copyright © 2004 Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2 Properti...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:04

... between predictions of fractal model and experiments of Yamada et al. (1978). FIGURE 4.34 Comparison among predictions of the fractal model, the GW model, and experiments of Bhushan and Dugger (1990) ... roughness of regime 2 and one can again use the relation of Equation 4.3.25 for a single fractal behavior. Note that in such a case, σ is only related to G 1 and D 2 of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... dense films of long-chain molecules. Bhushan et al. (1995b,c) conducted micro- and macroscale friction and wear studies on single-grafted and double-grafted octodecyl (C 18 ) and LB films and their ... single-grafted, LB, and Au films and is comparable with that of SiO 2 film. The C 18 double-grafted films can withstand much higher normal force of 40 µN as compared...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... Ruan and Bhushan (1994a–c), Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b, 1997a,b), and Sundararajan and Bhushan (1998). Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b) and Poon and Bhushan (1995a,b) reported that rms roughness and friction ... Majumdar and Bhushan (1991) and Bhushan and Majumdar (1992) have reported relationships for cumulative size distribution of the contact spots, portions of th...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... at a normal load of 70 µN with a depth of indentation about 3 nm and hardness values of 15.8 and 19.5 GPa, respectively (Bhushan and Koinkar, 1994). Hardness values of virgin and C + -implanted ... diaphragms and X-ray masks. For a summary of SiC devices and applications, see Harris (1995). Table 16.1 compares selected bulk properties of SiC and Si(100). Because...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 12:15

... chemical and mechanical properties of the surface and near-surface region of the tip and sample determine the adhesive behavior. A compliant tip–sample system of large curvature radius and large ... understanding of friction, lubrication, and wear? The interpretation of surface forces and adhesion measurements is challenging. Even if you under- stand your instrumental ar...

Ngày tải lên: 09/11/2013, 03:15

... diameters (Snook and van Megan, 1979, 1980, 1981; van Megan and Snook, 1979, 1981; Kjellander and Marcelja, 1985a,b; Tarazona and Vincente, 1985; Hend- erson and Lozada-Cassou, 1986; Evans and Parry, ... Berlin. McClelland, G. M. and Cohen, S. R. (1990), Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VIII, pp. 419–445, Springer, Berlin. McGuiggan, P. and Israelachvili, J. N. (199...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... their level of knowledge. A better understanding of friction and wear could save an enormous amount of energy and money, which would be positive for economy and ecology. On the other hand, friction ... results of moving a probe of known Miller surface of a perfect crystal and calculate how energy is generated in the various phonon modes of the crystal as a function of...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... depends on the elastic and plastic properties of the material. 10.3.7 Determination of Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Thin Films from the Composite Response of Film and Substrate As mentioned ... properties of surface layers of bulk materials and of ultrathin coatings. The nanoindentation apparatus continously monitors the load and the position of the inden...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... corners of the world, from the Fuegian of southernmost Chile to the Inuit of northernmost Alaska, and from the Maori of the remote Cook Islands to Siberian Yakut. Some of them describe, of course, ... workers and management in decision-making vydvizhenchestvo (Russian) the system of promotion of workers to positions of responsibility and authority kaizen (Japanese...

Ngày tải lên: 15/01/2014, 10:51