handbook of fluidization and fluid-particle systems

... tech- nique are by Mie, Rayleigh, and Fraunhofer (Bohren and Huffman, 1986). When the dimensions of a particle are of the same order of magnitude of the wavelength of the incident light, Mie theory ... bot- tom, and use of balance pan to measure the weight of settled particles. Modern sedimentometers make use of the diffraction pattern of a light beam, the power loss of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 14:59

... difficult to address, both because of the uncertainty of the type of the injected contaminant and its consequences and because of the uncertainty of the location and injection time. In principle, ... (Clark and Deininger, 2000). This loss might result from a number of different causes. Many of the major pumps and power sources in water systems have custom-designed equ...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 11:46

... Assistant Professor with the Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology. Prior to joining Missouri S&T she was an Assistant Professor ... reserved. Integration of energy and environmental systems in wastewater treatment plants Suzanna Long 1 , Elizabeth Cudney 2 1 Department of Engineering Mana...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... between predictions of fractal model and experiments of Yamada et al. (1978). FIGURE 4.34 Comparison among predictions of the fractal model, the GW model, and experiments of Bhushan and Dugger (1990) ... roughness of regime 2 and one can again use the relation of Equation 4.3.25 for a single fractal behavior. Note that in such a case, σ is only related to G 1 and D 2 of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... dense films of long-chain molecules. Bhushan et al. (1995b,c) conducted micro- and macroscale friction and wear studies on single-grafted and double-grafted octodecyl (C 18 ) and LB films and their ... single-grafted, LB, and Au films and is comparable with that of SiO 2 film. The C 18 double-grafted films can withstand much higher normal force of 40 µN as compared...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... Ruan and Bhushan (1994a–c), Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b, 1997a,b), and Sundararajan and Bhushan (1998). Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b) and Poon and Bhushan (1995a,b) reported that rms roughness and friction ... Majumdar and Bhushan (1991) and Bhushan and Majumdar (1992) have reported relationships for cumulative size distribution of the contact spots, portions of th...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... at a normal load of 70 µN with a depth of indentation about 3 nm and hardness values of 15.8 and 19.5 GPa, respectively (Bhushan and Koinkar, 1994). Hardness values of virgin and C + -implanted ... diaphragms and X-ray masks. For a summary of SiC devices and applications, see Harris (1995). Table 16.1 compares selected bulk properties of SiC and Si(100). Because...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 12:15

... materials systems, and the plots of Figures 5.9 and 5.10 show how even completely elastic systems give rise to adhesion hysteresis and therefore energy dissipation. This may be a useful way of understanding ... chemical and mechanical properties of the surface and near-surface region of the tip and sample determine the adhesive behavior. A compliant tip–sample system o...

Ngày tải lên: 09/11/2013, 03:15

... diameters (Snook and van Megan, 1979, 1980, 1981; van Megan and Snook, 1979, 1981; Kjellander and Marcelja, 1985a,b; Tarazona and Vincente, 1985; Hend- erson and Lozada-Cassou, 1986; Evans and Parry, ... al.“Surface Forces and Microrheology of ” Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology. Ed. Bharat Bhushan Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 © 1999 by CRC Press LLC © 1999 by CRC Pre...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... shows the importance of the chemical nature of the tip and of the tip–sample contact and that in reactive systems a thin passivating film is needed to avoid welding of tip and sample. 6.3.1.4 Atomic ... image and the lateral force in the case of purely conservative forces. For a detailed understanding of the lateral force and its relation to the normal force and the t...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18