Báo cáo khoa học: "USING %-CALCULUS TO REPRESENT IN LOGIC GRAMMARS" docx

... USING %-CALCULUS TO REPRESENT MF~kNINGS IN LOGIC GRAMMARS* David Scott Warren Computer Science Department SUNY at Stony Brook Stony Brook, NY 11794 ABSTRACT This paper descrlbes how meanings ... counter, to insure the same variable is never used twice. One way to do this in Prolog is to include 53 a place for the counter in each grarmnar predicate. This can be...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... sentential role in a majority of the instances in the corpus and those that were too ambiguous to be explored in the context of a surface-based approach”. The other ambiguity that arises during dis- course ... hierarchy of senses. In our experiments we consider only the top level categories: Ex- pansion (one clause is elaborating information in the other), Comparison (information...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... that relation. In addition to providing a set of com- pounds to use as input for our compound disam- biguation algorithm, one aim in constructing this corpus was to examine the relations that exist in naturally ... word in WordNet is linked to a set of senses, with each sense identifying one particular meaning of that word. For example, the noun ‘skin’ has senses rep- resentin...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... classification training data. 2,000 articles containing smiles and 2,000 articles containing frowns were held-out as optimising test data. We took increasing amounts of articles from the remaining dataset ... apparent during the time-period represented by the training data. We propose a novel source of training data based on the language used in conjunction with emoticons in Usenet newsgro...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... annotators by taking the proportions of items marked as anchored by annotator in the whole of the dataset, and assuming that for every word, the person was toss- ing a coin with P(heads) = , independently ... validating them experimentally – may be applied to data resulting from other kinds of ex- ploratory experiments to gain insights about the phe- nomena at hand. Acknowledgment I wou...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... an automatic classifier; • a default-inheritance system that inherits properties from superclass to subclass, us- ing Touretsky's [1986] minimal inferential dis- tance principle to resolve ... click- able buttons in the response window; objects to be added to the discourse in- focus list; and a testing function that determines if a query is answerable. Content-determi...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... passed on to another component, the surface generator. The job of generator is to use whatever syntactic and lexical information is needed to translate the logical propositions into English. ... containing a subordinate clause (sentence 2). The sentences in 1 and 2 also show that a generation system should be able to choose between definite and indefinite reference and decide...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... correct or incorrect in order to avoid priming users to pay more or less attention in subsequent messages. Users did not have to finish listening to the entire list before making their selection. ... ability to listen to incoming SMS messages using text -to- speech (TTS). Au- tomatic speech recognition (ASR) affords users a hands-free, eyes-free method of replying to S...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:20

... idea is to restore sample diversity after each resampling step by per- forming MCMC resampling steps on each particle’s history, thus leading to particles with different his- tories in each generation, ... provides an in- tuitive generative story for the observed data. Each generated word token corresponds to a customer sit- 85 ting at one of the unboundedly many tables in an imag...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 17:20

... Using Crowdsourcing to Improve the Evaluation of Grammatical Error Detection Systems Nitin Madnani a Joel Tetreault a Martin Chodorow b Alla Rozovskaya c a Educational Testing Service Princeton, ... promise. 508 ing to both address the lack of appropriate evaluation metrics and to make system comparison easier. Our solution is general enough for, in the simplest case, intrinsically ev...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20