Báo cáo khoa học: "Aggregation improves learning: experiments in natural language generation for intelligent tutoring systems" pptx

... Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the ACL, pages 50–57, Ann Arbor, June 2005. c 2005 Association for Computational Linguistics Aggregation improves learning: experiments in natural language ... work we present in this paper addresses three issues: evaluation of Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems, the place of aggregation in NLG, and NL interfaces for...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

... therefore be changed. Changes to conceptually dictated decisions would shift the meanin~ of the text. During initial generation, euristics for maintaining local cohesion are used, ~wing on ... generator has enough information to make an optimal decision. While many decisions require only local information, decisions involving long range dependencies, such as maintaining coherence,...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... EXTRA-GRAMMATICALITY IN NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING SYSTEMS Stan C. Kwasny as The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 1. Introduction Among the components included in Natural Language Understanding ... Pattern matching proceeds by matching each arc in the pattern against the input string, but is affected by the chosen "mode" of matching. Since the individu...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... Descriptions, and Individuals in Natural Language Understanding Ronald J. Brachman Bolt Beralmek and Newman Inc. KLONE is a general-purpose language for representing conceptual information. Several ... REQUEST, INFORM, INFORMREF, and INFORMIF are defined as producing certain effects by means of the heater's recognition of the speaker's intention to produce these e...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... combinations of language- pair and domain, each with fourteen distinct training sets of increasing size and tested these instances on multiple in- domain datasets, generating 96 learning curves. BLEU ... using the initial points for the combination ct. In general, we observed that the extrapolated curve tends to over-estimate BLEU for large sam- ples. 6 Combining inference and extrapo...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... °C for 30 s, 55 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 60 s, 30 cycles for CD163; 94 ° C for 30 s, 57 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 60 s, 30 cycles for CYP1A1; 94 °C for KCs in drug-metabolizing dysfunction during ... shown that interactions between KCs and endotoxin comprise the initiating event lead- ing to hepatotoxicity in liver injury, including endotox- emia and ischemia ⁄ reperfusion in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... written in Sms/ltalk and, in INK,A, produces rides for a Prolog inference engine. INTRODUCTION The ides/ natural language interface would let any user, without any prior training, interact ... 1HGLISH interface alleviates the problem of linguis- tic coverage for designers and users of natural language inter- faces. A natural language interface user composes his entri...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Yejin Choi and Claire Cardie. 2009. Adapting a polarity lexicon using integer linear programming for domain- specific sentiment classification. Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing ... instance in the train- ing set. UpSpeak instances were weighted less than DownSpeak instances, creating a training set that was balanced between UpSpeak and DownSpeak. Balancing the t...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... CHINESE LANGUAGE ANALYSIS Being a language in which only characters ( ideograns ) are used, Chinese language has specific problems. Compared to languages such as English, there are few formal ... In another exa~ole, in English, "-ing" is used to indicate a participle, or "-ed" can be used to distinguish passive mode from active. In Chinese, there is no...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... the system. In this way, for instance, a psycholinguist may explore ideas on human parsing strategies, or a " ;language engineer" may find useful heuristics for parsing within a particular ... number of tools for entering data in graphic mode and inspecting resulting structures, it provides a means for experimenting with strategies in the course of the parsing pro...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20