Báo cáo khoa học: "Discrete vs Continuous Rating Scales for Language Evaluation in NLP" pot

... that continuous scales are vi- able for use in language evaluation, and offer distinct advantages over discrete scales. 1 Background and Introduction Rating scales have been used for measuring ... Association for Computational Linguistics Discrete vs. Continuous Rating Scales for Language Evaluation in NLP Anja Belz Eric Kow School of Computing, Engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... with the impression that the computer is thinking, making a decision, repre- senting knowledge, maintaining beliefs, or understanding information I begin to worry about the future of com- puter ... game and begin to think about using computers for problem solving in novel ways, I believe that there will be an outpouring of dramatic innovation. 139 2.2 NATURAL LANGUAGE YIELDS IN...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... Probabilistic Classifier for Language Modeling Joel Lang Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh 10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK J.Lang-3@sms.ed.ac.uk Abstract We ... smooth- ing and can outperform it if sufficiently rich features are incorporated. 1 Introduction A Language Model (LM) is an important compo- nent within...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... requires joint expertise in natural language processing and speech recognition, and best practices in language engineering for every new domain. On the other hand, a statistical learning approach ... expertise in natural language processing and speech recognition, and best practices in language engineering for every new domain. In the past decade many statistical...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... The inputs are a translation hypothesis e I 1 , an index n distinguishing the prefix from the attachment, and a flag indicating if their concatenation is a goal hypothesis. The beam search maintains ... aggressive recombination strategy in our phrase-based decoder. For contexts in which the LM is guaranteed to back off (for instance, after an unseen bigram), our decoder maintains only the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... chain; ?, unknown cross-linking adducts; *, cross-linking adducts with E. coli L23; d, cross-linking adducts with E. coli Ffh; s, cross-linking adducts with B. subtilis Ffh; n , cross-linking ... protoplasts were used for SDS ⁄ PAGE and western blotting. In parallel, protoplasts were incuba- ted without trypsin, or in the presence of trypsin plus 1% Triton X-100. Cross-linking of in v...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... certain stem are either all in the training set or all in the test set. Stem overlap between training and test set only occurs in compounds and derivations. If a simple random splitting (90% for ... another – for example, if a better way of doing stress assignment in German was found. On the other hand, keeping everything in one module for strongly inter-dependent tasks (such...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... “CONST contains no FORMULA”, (ii) “TERM contains no FORMULA”, (iii) “FORMULA contains no FORMULA”, (iv) “CONST contains no CONST 0 FORMULA”. The last reading is obtained by partitioning an entity ... the predicate contain, the lexi- con contains the following facts: contain( , ) (SUBFORMULA , embedding ) [’a Patient of type FORMULA is a subformula embedded within a FORMULA in the Actor rela...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... model. 1 Introduction In recent years, many efforts have been made to utilize linguistic structure in language modeling, which for practical reasons is still dominated by trigram-based language ... instructions in the morning and submits daily reports in the evening ' Though there is no doubt that syntactic dependency relations provide useful information for langu...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 06:20

... (98,7% for the evaluation presented in table (1)). Tagging errors do not influence critically the performance of Cass-SWE 1 (cf. Voutilainen, 1998); (iv) se- mantic inheritance in the form of ... ver- bal formations. The rules allow for any num- ber of auxiliary verbs, possible intervening adverbs, and end with a main verb or particle. A distinction is made between finite/inf...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20