Báo cáo khoa học: Proteolytic activation of internalized cholera toxin within hepatic endosomes by cathepsin D doc

... al. Endosomal proteolysis of cholera toxin by cathepsin D FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 4385–4397 ª 2005 FEBS 4397 Proteolytic activation of internalized cholera toxin within hepatic endosomes by cathepsin ... acid protease cathepsin D in the endosomal degradation of internalized CT. We show that hydrolysates of CT generated in vitro by pure cathepsin...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... one-letter code for each amino acid is aligned with the second nucleotide of the corresponding codon. The stop codon is marked with ’Ã’. The predicted secretion signal peptide is underlined. The proteolytic ... bold, and the scissile bond is indicated by an arrow. Absolutely conserved cysteines are shaded and numbered. The paired numbers (1–1, 2–2, 3–3) indicate the intrachain disulfide...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:22

... one aspect of complexity that is observed in the dynamics of this signal transduction chain. PKC was not found to be involved in the EGF-mediated ERK phosphorylation, bu t activation of PKC by PMA did result ... mplex behaviour of the complex circuitry r egulating ERK-PP. We also determ ined the E RK phosphorylation d ynamics induced by PKC activation by addition of 100...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... activa- tion of AMPK by an unknown fatty acid-driven signalling process provides a mechanism for a Ôfeed-forwardÕ activation of fatty acid oxidation. Keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; fatty acids; ... Caterson, I .D. , Fuller, S.J. & Randle, P.J. (1982) Effect of the fatty acid oxidation inhibitor 2-tetradecylglycidic acid on pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in starv...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... (Fig. 1C). Based on the threshold cycle (C t ) changes, we estimate that the expression of miR-221 and 222 had increased by approximately 2 6 -fold. NGF induced sustained activation of ERK1 ⁄ 2 ... activation of ERK1/2 is necessary for induction of miR-221/222 We next studied whether the NGF-induced expression of miR-221 ⁄ 222 depends on ERK1 ⁄ 2 activation. We first examined...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... subunit of calpain, and has a dual role in integrin-mediated cell spreading. J Biol Chem 280, 6879–6889. 33 Sasaki T (1990) Inhibitory effect of di- and tripeptidyl aldehydes on calpains and cathepsins. ... Our findings appear to indicate that the digestion process of both NOS proceeds through the hydrolysis of a very limited number of peptide bonds; specifically, in the case of nNO...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 07:20

... added. Binding was monitored by using specific G4–6 directed antibodies. We observed a tight binding at pH 6.8 in the presence of 1 m M calcium (apparent K d ¼ 30 n M ), and in the presence of ... measurements. G4–6 domains were labeled by Oregon green ITC and increasing concentrations of G-actin were added (data not shown) we observed a decrease in the fluorescence intensity of l...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... revealed that Glc is hydrogen bonded to amino acids in the L-domain (residues N204, D2 05, N231, E256 and E290) and the S-domain (residues T168 and K169) (Fig. 1B). To identify the contact residues ... and the side-chain of D2 05 is reorientated [the side-chain dihedral angles change by 117.7° (v 1 ) and 16.5° (v 2 )] (Table 3), whereas the (Du + Dw) value is changed by only 0.3°. Thu...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... be very different depending upon whether the Erk signa- ling pathway is also activated by PtdIns3K-dependent events. Our study was designed to further address this issue of PtdIns3K activation and ... forms of PtdIns3K. The latter study used a different cytokine-dependent hemopoietic cell line and suggested that the differences with the study of Scheid & Duronio [13] were due to...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 20:20

... catalyzed by zinc- dependent deacetylases include a nucleophilic attack carried out by a zinc-bound water molecule and a general-acid-base (GAB) catalysis provided by enzyme residues. Two t ypes of ... is of the type HXDD(X) 98 H (residues in bold are zinc ligands; X is used to represent any residue). Such a motif, with the first two zinc ligands being separated by a short segment...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20