Free Software, Free Society pot

... providedthis notice is preserved.12 Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallmanchange, just as free laws, or the laws of a free society, ” are free when they maketheir control ... said.20 Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman Free as in FreedomThe term free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has nothing to do withprice. It is about freedom. ... sense of free is the free, ” Stallman says, in the term free speech,” orperhaps better in the term free labor.” Not free as in costless, but free as in limitedin its control by others. Free...

... stop a free sourcesoftware project from shipping. No reorganization or downsizing could14 … FREE FOR ALLFreeForAll/1-138/repro 4/21/00 11:44 AM Page 14stop people from working on free software ... chairman. There was no Linux pitchman, no4 … FREE FOR ALLFreeForAll/1-138/repro 4/21/00 11:44 AM Page 4Linux jingle, and no Linux 30-second spot in major media. At the time,only the best-funded ... world. Many webservers, it turned out, were already running on Linux or another free cousin known as FreeBSD. A free webserving tool known as Apachehad controlled more than 50 percent of the...

... Các phần mềm miễn phí hay:nBINDER 3.0 Nén, bảo vệ và đóng gói dữ liệu (free) nBinder là chương trình miễn phí cho phép nén các tập tin thi hành mà không làm thay đổi ... trình có dung lượng 157 kb, tải tại www.nemokprod.go.ro hay www.echip.com.vnAccess Manager 2.0 ( free) Chương trình quản lý mật khẫu miễn phí đơn giản và dễ sử dụng. Người sử dụng dùng 1 mật ... password). Chương trình nặng 1,63MB, tải tại www.access-manager.co.uk hay www.echip.com.vnROTATE 1.02 (free) xoay màn hình theo ý muốnIRotate là chương trình cho phép bạn xoay chuyển màn hình theo các...

... 65 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Practical lab – BusyBoxTime to start Lab 2!Get familiar with BusyBox capabilities and configuration optionsConfigure BusyBox in a cross­compiling environmentCompile and test BusyBox66 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systemsTools for the target devicehttp and ssh servers67 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008ssh server and client: dropbearhttp://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/dropbear.htmlVery small memory footprint ssh server for embedded systemsSatisfies most needs. Both client and server!Size: 110 KB, statically compiled with uClibc on i386.(OpenSSH client and server: approx 1200 KB,dynamically compiled with glibc on i386)Useful to:Get a remote console on the target deviceCopy files to and from the target device (scp or rsync ­e ssh).68 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Benefits of a web server interfaceMany network enabled devices can just have a network interfaceExamples: modems / routers, IP cameras, printers ... No need to develop drivers and applications for computers connected to the device. No need to support multiple operating systems!Just need to develop static or dynamic HTML pages(possibly with powerful client­side JavaScript).Easy way of providing access to device information and parameters.Reduced hardware costs (no LCD, very little storage space needed)69 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008thttpdTiny/Turbo/Throttling HTTP serverhttp://acme.com/software/thttpd/SimpleImplements the HTTP/1.1 minimum (or just a little more)Simple to configure and run.SmallExecutable size: 88K (version 2.25b), Apache 2.0.52: 264KVery low memory consumption: does not fork and very careful about memory consumption.PortableCompiles cleanly on most Unix­like operating systemsFastAbout as fast as full­featured servers. Much faster on very high loads (because reduces the server load for the same amount of work)SecureDesigned to protect the webserver machine from attacks.7 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systemsC library for the target deviceC library options70 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Other web servers (1)BusyBox http server: http://busybox.netTiny: only adds 9 K to BusyBox 1.5 (dynamically linked with glibc on i386, with all features enabled.)! Sufficient features for many devices with a web interface, including CGI, http authentication and script support (like PHP).License: GPLKLone: http://koanlogic.com/kl/cont/gb/html/klone.htmlLightweight but full featured web server for embedded systems.Can enclose dynamic (written in C/C++ <% code %>) and compressed content all in an executable of an approximate size of 150 KB.License: Dual GPL / Commercial.See also http://linuxdevices.com/news/NS8234701895.html71 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Other web servers (2)Boa: http://www.boa.org/Designed to be simple, fast and secure.Unlike thttpd, no particular care for memory or disk footprint though.Embedded systems: pretty popular, though not targeted by developers.lighthttpd: http://lighttpd.netLow footprint server good at managing high loads.May be useful in embedded systems too.72 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systemsTools for the target deviceGraphical toolkits73 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Nano­X / Microwindowshttp://www.microwindows.org/License: Mozilla Public License. Allows proprietary applications.Very lightweight (< 100 KB) portable graphics library, running on Linux kernel framebuffer, X / Windows, SVGAlib and a few other systems.2 APIs (C language)Win32 graphics device API: allows easy porting of Windows or WindowsCE programs.Nano­X API: small X server with Xlib­like APIAPI documentation, FAQs and tutorial on the project page.Limitation: lack of skin support.18 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008uClibc toolchains Free Electrons uClibc toolchainshttp:/ /free electrons.com/community/tools/uclibcRun on i386 GNU/LinuxSupported platformsarm, armeb, i386, m68k, ppc, mips, mipsel, sh17 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Get a precompiled toolchainCan get one from several locations ... No need to develop drivers and applications for computers connected to the device. No need to support multiple operating systems!Just need to develop static or dynamic HTML pages(possibly with powerful client­side JavaScript).Easy way of providing access to device information and parameters.Reduced hardware costs (no LCD, very little storage space needed)69 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008thttpdTiny/Turbo/Throttling HTTP serverhttp://acme.com/software/thttpd/SimpleImplements the HTTP/1.1 minimum (or just a little more)Simple to configure and run.SmallExecutable size: 88K (version 2.25b), Apache 2.0.52: 264KVery low memory consumption: does not fork and very careful about memory consumption.PortableCompiles cleanly on most Unix­like operating systemsFastAbout as fast as full­featured servers. Much faster on very high loads (because reduces the server load for the same amount of work)SecureDesigned to protect the webserver machine from attacks.7 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systemsC library for the target deviceC library options70 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Other web servers (1)BusyBox http server: http://busybox.netTiny: only adds 9 K to BusyBox 1.5 (dynamically linked with glibc on i386, with all features enabled.)! Sufficient features for many devices with a web interface, including CGI, http authentication and script support (like PHP).License: GPLKLone: http://koanlogic.com/kl/cont/gb/html/klone.htmlLightweight but full featured web server for embedded systems.Can enclose dynamic (written in C/C++ <% code %>) and compressed content all in an executable of an approximate size of 150 KB.License: Dual GPL / Commercial.See also http://linuxdevices.com/news/NS8234701895.html71 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Other web servers (2)Boa: http://www.boa.org/Designed to be simple, fast and secure.Unlike thttpd, no particular care for memory or disk footprint though.Embedded systems: pretty popular, though not targeted by developers.lighthttpd: http://lighttpd.netLow footprint server good at managing high loads.May be useful in embedded systems too.72 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008 Free Software tools for embedded systemsTools for the target deviceGraphical toolkits73 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Nano­X / Microwindowshttp://www.microwindows.org/License: Mozilla Public License. Allows proprietary applications.Very lightweight (< 100 KB) portable graphics library, running on Linux kernel framebuffer, X / Windows, SVGAlib and a few other systems.2 APIs (C language)Win32 graphics device API: allows easy porting of Windows or WindowsCE programs.Nano­X API: small X server with Xlib­like APIAPI documentation, FAQs and tutorial on the project page.Limitation: lack of skin support.18 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008uClibc toolchains Free Electrons uClibc toolchainshttp:/ /free electrons.com/community/tools/uclibcRun on i386 GNU/LinuxSupported platformsarm, armeb, i386, m68k, ppc, mips, mipsel, sh17 Free Software tools for embedded systems© Copyright 2004­2008, Free ElectronsCreative Commons Attribution­ShareAlike 2.5 licensehttp:/ /free electrons.comJan 24, 2008Get a precompiled toolchainCan get one from several locations...

... Saint of Free Software,& quot; Andrew Leonard describes Stallman's green eyes as "radiating the power of an Old Testament prophet."See Andrew Leonard, "The Saint of Free Software,& quot; ... Jesus."See "Programmer on moral high ground; Free software is a moral issue for Richard Stallman believes in freedom and free software." London Guardian (November 6, 1999). ... proved inspirational enough for Stallman to break out of the timid impotence of his teenage years. Breaking into an office to free a terminal wasn't the same as taking part in a protest march,...

... word " ;free& quot; was so prevalent that free softwareprogrammers eventually evolved a standard formula in response: "It's free as in freedom—think free speech, not free beer." ... as a form of protectionism for free software, because it prevents non -free software from taking fulladvantage of GPLed code. The GPL and its relationship to other free software licenses are discussed ... project, whose goal is to offer a 100% free (that is, " ;free as in freedom")computing environment, are fairly relaxed about integrating with non -free code and cooperating withprogrammers...

... privately owned, but freely and publicly accessible. Free Software, as its ambiguous moniker suggests, is both free from constraints and free of charge. Such characteristics seem to violate ... from the practices of Free Software, such as Creative Commons, the Connexions project, and the Open Access movement in science. These latter instances may or may not be Free Software, or even “software” ... so, without get-ting into what Free Software is in detail. I start in this way because my project started this way. I did not initially intend to study Free Software, but it was impossible...

... 1 Eric Barendt, Freedom of Speech (2nd ed, 2005) 18. 2 Slavko Splichal, Principles of Publicity and Press Freedom (2002) 39. 3 Geoffrey Marshall, ‘Press Freedom and Free Speech Theory’ ... informed and substantive way. 2.2. Freedom of speech Journalists are not the only custodians of free speech. Everyone in a democracy has the right to freedom of opinion and expression: to ... “the three great pillars of a successful society .8 On the importance of press freedom, Mr Howard has said that “the existence of an open, robust, free and usually highly critical media”...

... word " ;free& quot; was so prevalent that free softwareprogrammers eventually evolved a standard formula in response: "It's free as in freedom—think free speech, not free beer." ... as a form of protectionism for free software, because it prevents non -free software from taking fulladvantage of GPLed code. The GPL and its relationship to other free software licenses are discussed ... project, whose goal is to offer a 100% free (that is, " ;free as in freedom")computing environment, are fairly relaxed about integrating with non -free code and cooperating withprogrammers...