... admissions, and symptoms.6,17-23 In the past decade, focus has shifted towards the health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution (also called ‘long-term studies’), and traffic related air pollution ... (95%-CI: 2.2 to 3.7) for asthma and 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) for COPD; 1.2 (1.0 to 1.3), 1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) and 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5), for all cardiovascular causes, IHD and stroke, respectively. To our knowledge, ... Assessing the health impact of air pollution health effects and translating this into a comprehensible message, helps to identify and prioritize the topic and to place it on the policy agenda....