Báo cáo khoa học: "COPYING IN NATURAL LANGUAGES, CONTEXT-FREENESS, AND QUEUE GRAMMARS" potx

... copying constructions which, while productive, cannot be easily shown to apply to infinite sublanguages. To allow such finite copying constructions to be taken into account in formal modeling, ... stacks and employ queues instead. Queue Grammars This suggests that CFGs are not just inadequate as models of natural languages but inadequate in a particularly damaging way. They...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... the original question. On that's domain of world geography, most questions within the English subset are answered in well under one second, including queries which involve taking Joins between ... complication of defining the semantics of predicates over indexed sets. Consider, for example, "Are the major cities of the Scandinavian countries linked by rail?". In ca...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... encoded in the native conformation of the capsid protein and in its interaction with the nucleic acid. Here we investigated how the packing and stability of virus capsids are sensitive to single amino ... stranded antiparallel b-sheet (strands bC–bG) facing the interior of the phage particle, with an N-terminal hairpin (strands bAandbB) and two a-helices (aAandaB) shielding most of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... proteins by in uencing hydration. Reducing the activity of water also in uences CCO but only during turnover [18]. A series of small hydrophilic molecules is capable of inhibiting CCO activity and ... the protein to the other [1]. As the CCO is normally inserted in the mitochondrial membrane, this pumping, added to the consumption of protons in the mitochondrion, results in the form...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... (MMR) proteins. MMR proteins bind to damaged DNA and recruit various signal-transducing kinases, including ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM and Rad3-related (ATR), and checkpoint kinase 1 ... demonstrated that ATP binding drives dimerization of the N-terminal domain of the protein (Fig. 2B) [18], and the accompanying structural chan- ges may play key roles in co-ordinating t...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... boundaries forming a range, ranges containing only a single terminal, and adjacent variables/terminal occurrences in c. An RCG derivation consists of rewriting in- stantiated predicates applying instantiated ... order). We introduce a function Υ : P → N that gives the maximal index in a clause, and we define Υ(c, x) for a given clause c and x a variable or an occur- rence of a term...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... model against single nar- rative chains. We ignore argument types and use untyped chains in both (using equation 1 instead 1 http://opennlp.sourceforge.net/ of 4). The dotted line ‘Chain’ and solid ... evaluation against untyped narrative chains. The two main contribu- tions of schema are (1) adding typed arguments and (2) considering joint chains in one model. We evaluate each usin...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 16:21

... (unnested) adjoinings simultaneously (after elimination of nested adjoinings identified in the last recursion step), terminates definitively after n-1 loops. At the beginning, at most O(n 2) innermost ... structing this grammar is to represent the produc- tion of an a, a b and a c in one auxiliary tree). Thinking of the application domain of natural language processing, the dis...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 18:20

... (MCFG). In Seki and Kato (2008) it has been shown that MCFG is equivalent to string-based Linear Context- Free Rewriting Systems and Finite-Copying Tree Transducers and it is stronger than Tree Adjoining Grammars ... Tree Adjoining Grammars (Joshi and Schabes, 1997). Efficient recog- nition and parsing algorithms for MCFG have been de- scribed in Nakanishi et al. (1997), Ljungl ¨...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... 2006) doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05334.x Chromogranin A (CGA) is a protein that is stored and released together with neurotransmitters and hormones in the nervous, endocrine and diffuse neuroendocrine systems. As human vasostatins I and II ... concentration-dependent neg- ative inotropism and inhibition of the b-adrenergic- dependent positive inotropy elicited by the N-terminal...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20