**Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Evaluation of Probabilistic Lexicalized Tree Insertion Grammars*" potx**

Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Evaluation of Probabilistic Lexicalized Tree Insertion **Grammars*" potx**

... LTIGs) are tree- rewriting sys- tems, consisting of a set of elementary trees combined by tree operations. We distinguish two types of trees in the set of elementary trees: the initial trees and ... An Empirical Evaluation of Probabilistic Lexicalized Tree Insertion Grammars * Rebecca Hwa Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 USA rebecca~eecs.harvard.edu Abstract We present an empirical ... Abstract We present an empirical study of the applica- bility of Probabilistic Lexicalized Tree Inser- tion Grammars (PLTIG), a lexicalized counter- part to Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars...

Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Evaluation of Data-Driven Paraphrase Generation Techniques" pptx

... resources. Despite all of the attention, there have been very few direct empirical evaluations comparing the merits of the different approaches. This paper empiri-cally examines the tradeoffs between ... weaknesses of each type of approach.The evaluation also brings to light additional proper-ties, including the number of redundant paraphrasesgenerated, that future approaches and evaluationsmay ... Evaluation The goal of our experimental evaluation is to ana-lyze the effectiveness of a variety of paraphrase gen-eration techniques, ranging from simple to sophis-ticated. Our evaluation focuses...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Investigation of Discounting in Cross-Domain Language Models" ppt

... ktrain(w) denote the number of occurrences of w in the training corpus, and ktest(w)denote the number of occurrences of w in the testcorpus. We deﬁne the empirical discount of w to bed(w) = ktrain(w) ... per-vasive phenomenon of growing empirical discounts,except in the case of extremely similar corpora.Growing discounts of this sort were previously sug-gested by the model of Teh (2006). However, ... one of 110M words of NYT from 2000and 2001 (NYT00+01), and one of 110M words of AFP from 2002, 2005, and 2006 (AFP02+05+06).In both cases, we compute¯d(i) and tune parameterson 110M words of...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Study of Information Synthesis Tasks" doc

... summaries consist of a)picking the ﬁrst n sentences out of a set of selected documents (with different val-ues for n and different sets of documents)and b) taking the full content of a few doc-uments. ... estab-lished as a function of their vocabulary (unigrams)and how this vocabulary is used (n-grams). Fromthis point of view, some of the measures used in the evaluation of Machine Translation systems, ... The ﬁrst goal of our work is the generation of a testbed (ISCORPUS) with manually producedreports that serve as a starting point for further em-pirical studies and evaluation of information...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Investigation of Proposals in Collaborative Dialogues" docx

... exist to the set of constraint equations, each varl in the set of equations must have a solution. For exam- ple, if 5 instances of sofas are known for varsola, but every assignment of a value to ... de- grees of strength) to some future course of action. The only distinction is whether the commitment is conditional on H's agreement (Offer) or not (Com- mit). With an Offer, S indicates ... equations and the number of possible solutions given all the possible assignments of values to these variables. The variables of interest for our corpus are the ob- jects of type t in the goal...

Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Study of Chinese Chunking" docx

... UPENN Chinese Treebank-4(CTB4). Wepresented an empirical study of Chinese chunk-ing on this corpus. First, we made an evaluation on the corpus to clarify the performance of state- of- the-art models ... in this study.Training TestNum of Files 728 110Num of Sentences 9,878 5,290Num of Words 238,906 165,862Num of Phrases 141,426 101,449Table 2: Information of the CTB4 Corpus3 Chinese Chunking3.1 ... conducted an empirical study of Chinese chunking. We compared the performance of four models, SVMs, CRFs, MBL, and TBL.We also investigated the effects of using differentsizes of training data....

Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Study of the Influence of Argument Conciseness on Argument Effectiveness" docx

... value tree in the real estate domain). The arcs of the tree are weighted to represent the importance of the value of an objective in contributing to the value of its parent in the tree (e.g., ... the context of the selection task, by going through the architecture of the evaluation framework. 3.1 The evaluation framework architecture Figure 4 shows the architecture of the evaluation ... extensively studied in decision analysis: the selection of a subset of preferred objects (e.g., houses) out of a set of possible alternatives. In the evaluation framework that we have developed, the...

Báo cáo khoa học: "An Empirical Study of Active Learning with Support Vector Machines for Japanese Word Segmentation" pptx

... smaller one because the ﬁnal accuracy of the former is higherthan that of the latter.6The variance of a set of selected examples is deﬁnedTable 1: Variances of Selected ExamplesIteration2345678910111,250 ... here four characters to decide a wordboundary. A set of the attributes of ,andis used to predict the label of the . Theset consists of twenty attributes: ten for the char-acter type (, ... curve varies de-pending on the size of a pool. Surprisingly, the per-formance of a larger pool is worse than that of asmaller pool in the early stage of training5. One rea-son for this...

Báo cáo khoa học: "AN EMPIRICAL MODEL OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT" docx

... Abstract We refine and extend prior views of the descrip- tion, purposes, and contexts -of- use of acknowledg- ment acts through empirical examination of the use of acknowledgments in task-based conversa- ... seek to refine and extend prior views of the description, purposes, and contexts -of- use of acknowledgment acts through empirical examina- tion of the use of acknowledgments in task-based conversation. ... the communicative value of an acknowledgment and (2) the circumstances of its use. The scope of our inquiry involves spoken interaction. We present a catalogue of types of acknowledgment. This...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Task-oriented Evaluation of Syntactic Parsers and Their Representations" potx

... categories are stripped off(Figure 2). While most of the state -of- the-art parsersare based on probabilistic CFGs, the parameteriza-tion of the probabilistic model of each parser varies.In ... advantage of dependency parsing isthat dependency trees are a reasonable approxima-tion of the semantics of sentences, and are readilyusable in NLP applications. Furthermore, the efﬁ-ciency of popular ... on a lexicalized PCFG model of phrase structure trees.3The probabilities of CFG rules are parameterized oncarefully hand-tuned extensive information such aslexical heads and symbols of ancestor/sibling...

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