Báo cáo khoa học: "Integrating history-length interpolation and classes in language modeling" pdf

... 1516–1525,Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011.c2011 Association for Computational LinguisticsIntegrating history-length interpolation and classes in language modelingHinrich Sch¨utzeInstitute ... (i) occur after in the in the validation set, (ii) did not occur after in the in the training set, and (iii) occurred at least 10times in the training set. Because their training setunigram ... language models. In HLT/NAACL, pages 468–476.Alexander Clark. 2003. Combining distributional and morphological information for part of speech induc-tion. In EACL, pages 59–66.Sabine Deligne and Yoshinori...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Scalable Probabilistic Classiﬁer for Language Modeling" pdf

... smooth-ing and can outperform it if sufﬁciently richfeatures are incorporated.1 IntroductionA Language Model (LM) is an important compo-nent within many natural language applications in- cluding ... classiﬁer,which scales well to problems that involve alarge number of classes and require training onlarge datasets. A prominent example of such aproblem is language modeling. Our classiﬁeris based on ... Probabilistic Classiﬁer for Language ModelingJoel LangInstitute for Language, Cognition and ComputationSchool of Informatics, University of Edinburgh10 Crichton Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UKJ.Lang-3@sms.ed.ac.ukAbstractWe...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Reranking Answers for Definitional QA Using Language Modeling" pdf

... all training instances and |INS| gives the number of training instances which is used as a normalization factor. lj gives 1083the number of tokens in the jth instance in the training data; ... AQUAINT corpus. 1) Querying AQUAINT corpus with the target and retrieve relevant documents; 2) Splitting documents into sentences and ex-tracting the sentences containing the target. Here in ... retained. Training language models: As mentioned above, we train language models using the ob-tained ordered centroid for each question. Answer reranking: Once the language models and the candidate...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Integrating Information Extraction and Automatic Hyperlinking" docx

... develop-ment and use of multilingual text processing components. By combining finite-state and unification-based formalisms, the grammar formalism used in SProUT offers both pro-cessing efficiency and ... and targets of new hyperlinks. IE systems are becoming commercially viable in supporting diverse information discovery and management tasks. Similarly, automatic hyperlinking is a matu-ring ... the following components: (i) a finite-state machine toolkit for building, combining, and optimizing finite-state devices; (ii) a flexible XML-based regular com-piler for converting regular...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Integrating Graph-Based and Transition-Based Dependency Parsers" docx

... conﬁguration c contains a stack σcforstoring partially processed nodes and a buffer βccontaining the remaining input. Transitions in such asystem add arcs to the dependency graph and mani-pulate ... task.1 IntroductionSyntactic dependency graphs have recently gaineda wide interest in the natural language processingcommunity and have been used for many problemsranging from machine translation ... feature-based integration can be described as fol-lows. To train a guided version BCof base model Bwith guide model C and training set T , the guidedmodel is trained, not on the original training...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Integrating Pattern-based and Distributional Similarity Methods for Lexical Entailment Acquisition" doc

... 1992) and (Pantel et al., 2004). Capitalized terms indicate variables. pl and sg stand for plural and singular forms. 581used in two modes: (a) receiving a single target term as input and ... searching for instantiations of the other variable to identify candidate related terms (as in Section 3.2); (b) receiving a candi-date pair of terms for the relation and searching pattern instances ... corpus5. We randomly picked a small set of 10 terms for train-ing, leaving the remaining 20 terms for testing. Then, the set of entailment pair candidates for all nouns was created by applying the...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Hypothalamic malonyl-CoA and CPT1c in the treatment of obesity pptx

... promoting an increase in proopiomelanocortin and cocaine and amphetamineregulated transcript. Taken together, these ﬁndingsprovide a compelling argument for the role for malo-nyl-CoA in regulating ... effect changes in feedingbehavior and energy expenditure. Thus, insulin, leptin and ghrelin, as well as other hormones ⁄ cytokines,interact with their cognate receptors on neurons withinthe CNS ... maintaining a lower foodintake. This is accompanied by a suppression in energyexpenditure. These data suggest that CPT1c canintegrate carbohydrate and lipid nutrient sensing in thebrain and...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Osmotic stress sensing and signaling in ﬁshes doc

... takesplace in the order of minutes to hours and involvesmany hormones, including arginine vasopressin, angio-tensin II, natriuretic peptides, vasoactive intestinal pep-tide, urotensin II, insulin and ... mitogen-activated protein kinasekinase kinase 7 interacting protein 2 (TAK 1 bindingprotein 2 ¼ TAB 2), as an IEG during hyperosmoticstress in tilapia gill epithelium [26]. This gene istransiently and very ... rapidly (within 2 h) induced byhyperosmotic stress, indicating a role of this mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 interactingprotein for osmosensory signal transduction in ﬁsh.14-3-3...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: L-Arabinose transport and catabolism in yeast doc

... of l-arabinosecatabolism in two yeast strains belonging todistinct species allowed us to gain a more generalinsight into pentose metabolism in this group ofeukaryotic microorganisms and to ... and from l-arabinose in the case ofC. arabinofermentans [25].The co-utilization of d-xylose and l-arabinose in mixtures by Candida entomaea and P. guilliermondiihad already provided good indications ... thoughto infer anything about the type of inhibition. It canbe seen in Fig. 4 that, in C. arabinofermentansPYCC 5603T, d-xylose has a stronger inhibitory effect in the putative l-arabinose ⁄...

Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: Role of K22 and R120 in the covalent binding of the antibiotic fosfomycin and the substrate-induced conformational change in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enol pyruvyl transferase docx

... in hydration and the conformationalchanges involved in protein–ligand interactions [16,17], and thus may provide further information on the molecularmechanism of fosfomycin and UDPNAG binding ... charged amino acid sidechains, R397 and R120, are also involved in fosfomycinbinding, and in view of the multitude of interactions, it wasassumed that deletion of a single interaction would not ... chain of K22 participates in fosfomycin binding, thus providing a rationale for the loss offosfomycin binding to the K22V and K22E mutant proteins.However, two other positively charged amino...

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