... years in the study center, including routinephysical examinations, laboratory tests, collection of medical history, social status information, and adminis-tration of questionnaires on smoking ... by inputting sequencecontaining the SNP site and 100 bp of flanking sequence on either side of the SNP. Assays were genotyped using the Sequenom MassArray MALDI-TOF mass spectro-meter (Sequonom, ... smoking history, food intake and other factors that may influence health. Allparticipants provided written informed consents and the study protocol was approved by the institutions. By 2006, only...