... directed synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, solvo- and hydrothermal reaction, solution-based colloidal approach, and sonochemistryprocesses. Among them, solvo- and hydrothermal processes offersignificant ... processfacilitates con-trol over the shapes of nanowire bundles and nanorods, allowingthe formation of urchin-like crystalline h-WO3via simple substitu-tion of NH4+in place of Na+ions of EDTA salt ... amixture of aggregated short nanowire bundles and short nanorodswas formed after 4 h of reaction time at 180◦C. On the other hand,the reaction conducted at 180◦C for 8h revealed the formation of uniform...