Báo cáo khoa học: "Phonological Constraints and Morphological Preprocessing for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion" pot

... for Pronunciation by Analogy (PbA) (Marchand and Damper, 2005) on the same corpus. Marchand and Damper reported a processing time of several hours for c4), two days for c2) and several days for ... 2007. c 2007 Association for Computational Linguistics Phonological Constraints and Morphological Preprocessing for Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion Vera Demberg School o...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

... Traditionally, most of this knowl- edge is created by hand, and the effort must be re- peated for new domains, new characters and plot elements. Fortunately, recent work in natural language processing ... coherence) that is good enough for peo- ple to understand. Cheng and Mellish (2000) focus on the interaction of aggregation and text planning and use genetic algorithms to sear...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... PST as a knowl- edge source for DA detection, we essentially need to model the relationship between the random DA and the random DR. Denote the random DA by X and the random DR by Y . Given a text ... z-score (Larsen and Marx, 2000) of each word w in the ASR output. Figure 3 illustrates the PST for the sentences: Where is the Anping-Fort. There are two keywords Where and Anping-Fo...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 05:20

... hy- pothesis. Pop h, the best hypothesis, off the stack. If h is a complete sentence, output h and terminate. For each possible next word w, extend h by adding w and push the resulting hy- pothesis ... in standard TSP. We create a binary (0/1) integer variable for each pair of hotels and . if and only if travel from hotel to hotel is on the itinerary. The objective function is str...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... descendants, say z and y, a PAL expression for the phrase is one of the following forms: <z>( <V>) or <p>( <z>) where ~a> stands for a PAL expression for a phrase ~*. ... composite expressions are constructed only with a binary form of function application. Thus, if z and I/ are well-formed formulas of PAL, so is a form z(y). Expressions of PAL ar...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... letter’s con- text. Other approaches, such as those of Bisani and Ney (2002) and Marchand and Damper (2000), have shown that better performance can be achieved by pairing letter substrings with ... trees (Daelemans and Bosch, 1997; Black et al., 1998) or instance-based learn- ing (Bosch and Daelemans, 1998). These systems predict a phoneme for each input letter, using the letter...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Fass, 1997; Stern, 1931)). In a place -for- people pattern, a place stands for any persons/organisations associ- ated with it, e.g., for sports teams in (2), (3), and (4), and ... and Agirre, 2000): 0.1 is added to both the de- nominator and numerator. The target readings to be distinguished are literal, place -for- people, place -for- event, place -f...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... The model provides a means for common representation and a global database for communication between components and allows control of the system to be eentralised and relatively independent ... Hypothes,s since it is essenQally an extension of Marcus' (1980) Determinism Hypothesis. II TESTING THE INTERACTIVE DETERMINISM HYPOTttESIS The ID hypothesis predicts th,~t spee...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... frozen nominal position and Prep stands for preposition. Although frozen structures tend to undergo less transformations than the free forms, we found that every transformation that applies ... FAIRE I FAI~ J FAIRE ENTENDRE FAIRE PASSER FAIRE SAUTER FERVOR FLETRIR FORCER FOR~ R FORMER FORMER FORNER FRANCHIR I ! I I | ' ] -~ .E .'3 .=~ I - * L£ COUP -...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... of Information and Communications Technology) for helpful discussions and critical comments on the man- uscript. This work is supported by Special Coordina- tion Funds for Promoting Science and ... incorporating sites for both ATP hydrolysis and microtubule bind- ing, and a tail domain in the N-terminal, which medi- ates dimerization of the HCs and also provides a scaffold...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20