... between parsing and generating lies in the nature of the input. The text, as a string of words, traditionally establishes the starting point of parsing; whether the processing is top-down ... as the head unifies with that of the left- hand side category. Other rules are non-chaining roles. Rules that apply between the root and the pivot are, by definition, chaining rules; further, ... b. Fmd a non-chaining rule which can have the pivot as mother, similarly making sure that the FS resulting from the unification of the pivot and the mother can be linked up to the current FS....