... asignal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 1. Note that values of 2 or 3 for S/N are used indifferent subfields of analytical chemistry to define the LOD. The two most im-portant parameters to set the working conditions ... Chemical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bolo-gna, ItalyJohn W. Birks Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CooperativeInstitute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University ... Sciences, Deakin University,Geelong, Victoria, AustraliaJames E. Boulter Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University ofColorado, Boulder, Coloradoxi...