... against interest rate risk (by varying the proportion of fixed -rate versus variable -rate loans, using interest rate swaps). Investigating these strategies is beyond the scope of this paper. rate ... EU-countries, De Economist, 146(2), 271-301. Bondt, G. de, 2002, Retail bank interest rate pass-through: new evidence at the euro area level, ECB Working Paper, 136. Bondt, G. de 2004, The balance ... market interest rates movements are not necessarily fully transmitted to market interest rates with longer maturity, the pass-through of official interest rates to retail bank interest rates can...