Top 10 sai lầm trong xử lý máy ảnh kỹ thuật số ppt

... Top 10 sai lầm trong xử lý máy ảnh kỹ thuật số 1. Máy ảnh không có đủ tính năng hay độ phân giải Trước khi mua một máy ảnh kỹ thuật số, hãy xét tới mục tiêu sử ... bạn muốn ghi lại bằng hình ảnh. 3. Máy đang chụp tự nhiên… hết pin Máy ảnh kỹ thuật số cần rất nhiều năng lượng. Không có gì thất vọng hơn sau khi đã ngắm nghía kỹ càng và ấn nút chụp rồi… ... ảnh đã in hoặc không cần lưu trữ trước mỗi sự kiến “phó nháy” tham gia. 5. Thận trọng trước khi rút thẻ nhớ ra khỏi máy Chụp một tấm ảnh kích hoạt cả một chuỗi các sự kiện trong máy ảnh số...

... autocorrelation is not a function ofposition or time. For stationary image processes, (1.4-10a) (1.4-10b)The autocorrelation expression may then be written as (1.4-11)Rx1y1t1x2y2t2,,;,,()Fx1x1y1,,()F∗x2y2t2,,()∞–∞∫∞–∞∫=pF1F2x1y1t1x2y2t2,,,,,;,{}F1dF2d×Kx1y1t1x2y2t2,,;,,()EFx1y1t1,,()ηFx1y1t1,,()–[]F∗x2y2t2,,()η∗Fx2y2t2,,()–[]{}=Kx1y1t1x2y2t2,,;,,()Rx1y1t1x2y2t2,,;,,()ηFx1y1t1,,()η∗Fx2y2t2,,()–=σF2xyt,,()Kxytxyt,,;,,()=EFxyt,,(){}ηF=Rx1y1t1x2y2t2,,;,,()Rx1x2– ... sense if its moments are unaf-fected by shifts in the space and time origins. The image process is said to be sta-tionary in the wide sense if its mean is constant and its autocorrelation is dependenton ... 1 and 2.Separability. If the image function is spatially separable such that(1.3-9)then(1.3 -10) where and are one-dimensional Fourier transforms of and, respectively. Also, if and are two-dimensional...

... Spectrum,” Science, 101 , 2635, June 29, 1945, 653–658.9. P. K. Brown and G. Wald, “Visual Pigment in Single Rods and Cones of the Human Ret-ina,” Science, 144, 3614, April 3, 1964, 45–52. 10. G. Wald, ... 45–52. 10. G. Wald, “The Receptors for Human Color Vision,” Science, 145, 3636, September 4,1964, 100 7 101 7.11. S. Hecht, “The Visual Discrimination of Intensity and the Weber–Fechner Law,” J. Gen-eral. ... 1996.18. F. W. Campbell, “The Human Eye as an Optical Filter,” Proc. IEEE, 56, 6, June 1968, 100 9 101 4.19. O. Bryngdahl, “Characteristics of the Visual System: Psychophysical Measurement ofthe...

... 0.133289470.17701522 0.81232418 0. 0106 60600.02042971 1.06858 510 0. 4109 8519RCGCBC=RCGCBC2.84373542 0.50732308 0.93543113–0.63965541– 1.160 4103 4 0.1773 5107 1.52178123 3.04235208– 2.01855417UVW= ... 0.790000NTSC RN0.670000 0.330000 0.000000GN0. 2100 00 0. 7100 00 0.080000BN0.140000 0.080000 0.780000SMPTE RS0.630000 0.340000 0.030000GS0. 3100 00 0.595000 0.095000BS0.155000 0.070000 ... 1.182163D50 0.964296 1.000000 0.82 5105 D65 0.950456 1.000000 1.089058E 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000Standard xy zCIE RC0.640000 0.330000 0.030000 GC0.300000 0.600000 0 .100 000BC0.150000 0.06000...

... as(4.2 -10) Because only a single sampling pulse is assumed to occur during the integrationperiod, the limits of Eq. 4.2 -10 can be extended infinitely . In this formulation, Eq.4.2 -10 is recognized ... FIωxωy,()FQωxωy,()+[]=− 104 IMAGE SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTIONFIGURE 4.2-4. Example of aliasing error in a sampled image.(a) Original image(b) Sampled imageIMAGE SAMPLING SYSTEMS 105 where represents ... ωxωy,()2ωxd ωyd∞–∞∫∞–∞∫= 108 IMAGE SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTIONdenotes the energy of the output of the presampling filter. The aliasing error isdefined as (10) (4.2-24)Aliasing error can...

... LINEAR OPERATOR125where and are row and column operators on F, then(5.2-9)As a consequence,(5.2 -10) Hence the output image matrix P can be produced by sequential row and columnoperations.In ... number of computational operations for each of these cases is tabulated in Table5.2-1.Equation 5.2 -10 indicates that separable two-dimensional linear transforms canbe computed by sequential one-dimensional ... transforms: computation by Eq 5.2-2 in the general case requires operations; computation by Eq. 5.2 -10, when it applies, requires only operations. Furthermore, F may be stored in a serial memory...

... . Ladd and Pinney (10) have suggested a cube-root scale(6.3-3)A logarithm scale(6.3-4)ΛΛ 100 .0Y()12⁄=0.0 Y 1.0≤≤ 0.0 Λ 10. 0≤≤Λ 2.468 100 .0Y()13⁄1.636–=Λ 5.0 10 100.0Y{}log[]=MONOCHROME ... quantization.2561111111111111 110 0 0100 00000000 010 0000000100000000ORIGINALSAMPLEDECISIONLEVELSBINARYCODEQUANTIZEDSAMPLERECONSTRUCTIONLEVELS0001111100011 110 255254333231303210aUaLdjrjdjfdj ... –0.7500 – –1. 5104 –1.8340 0.0000 0.8079–0.5000 –0.2500 –0.9816 –0.4528 –1.1269 –0.4198 1.2545 1.7 010 –0.0000 0.2500 0.0000 0.4528 0.0000 0.4198 2.1667 2.6325 0.5000 0.7500 0.9816 1. 5104 1.1269...

... input field.Numerical representation of a superposition or convolution integral is an impor-tant topic because improper representations may lead to gross modeling errors ornumerical instability ... simplyevaluated at its appropriate spatial argument. The limits of summation of Eq. 7.2-9are(7.2 -10) where denotes the nearest integer value of the argument.Figure 7.2-1 provides an example relating ... matrices of the form(7.3-9)Two-dimensional circulant convolution may then be computed as(7.3 -10) 7.4. SUPERPOSITION AND CONVOLUTION OPERATOR RELATIONSHIPSThe elements of the finite-area superposition...

... basis functions, N = 16.NN×RNVNWN=VNN 2⁄ N× WNN 2⁄ N×VN12 1100 00…000000 1100 …0000000000… 1100 000000…0011=HADAMARD, HAAR, AND DAUBECHIES TRANSFORMS205(8.4-7b)The ... P. D. Welch, “Historical Notes on the Fast Fourier Trans-form,” Proc. IEEE, 55, 10, October 1967, 1675–1677. 10. B. O. Brigham and R. B. Morrow, “The Fast Fourier Transform,” IEEE Spectrum, ... Algorithm for the DiscreteCosine Transform,” IEEE Trans. Communications., COM-25, 9, September 1977, 100 4 100 9.17. A. K. Jain, “A Fast Karhunen–Loeve Transform for Finite Discrete Images,” Proc.National...

... image.0.0010.0020.0030.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090. 010 0.0110.0120.0120.0120.0120.0120.0020.0050.0070.0090.0110.0140.0160.0180.0200.0230.0250.0250.0250.0250.0250.0030.0070. 010 0.0140.0170.0200.0240.0270.0310.0340.0370.0370.0370.0370.0370.0050.0090.0140.0180.0230.0270.0320.0360.0410.0450.0500.0490.0490.0490.0490.0060.0110.0170.0230.0280.0340.0400.0450.0510.0560.0620.0620.0620.0610.0610.0070.0140.0200.0270.0340.0410.0480.0540.0610.0680.0740.0740.0740.0740.0740.0080.0160.0240.0320.0400.0480.0560.0640.0710.0790.0870.0860.0860.0860.0860.0090.0180.0270.0360.0450.0540.0640.0730.0810.0900.0990.0990.0990.0980.0980. 010 0.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.0720.0820.0920 .102 0.1120.1110.1110. 110 0. 110 0.0110.0230.0340.0460.0570.0680.0800.0910 .102 0.1130.1240.1240.1230.1230.1220.0130.0250.0380.0500.0630.0750.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0250.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .100 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .101 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1340.1340.0010.0020.0030.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090. 010 0.0110.0120.0120.0120.0120.0120.0020.0050.0070.0090.0110.0140.0160.0180.0200.0230.0250.0250.0250.0250.0250.0030.0070. 010 0.0140.0170.0200.0240.0270.0310.0340.0370.0370.0370.0370.0370.0050.0090.0140.0180.0230.0270.0320.0360.0410.0450.0500.0490.0490.0490.0490.0060.0110.0170.0230.0280.0340.0400.0450.0510.0560.0620.0620.0620.0610.0610.0070.0140.0200.0270.0340.0410.0480.0540.0610.0680.0740.0740.0740.0740.0740.0080.0160.0240.0320.0400.0480.0560.0640.0710.0790.0870.0860.0860.0860.0860.0090.0180.0270.0360.0450.0540.0640.0730.0810.0900.0990.0990.0990.0980.0980. 010 0.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.0720.0820.0920 .102 0.1120.1110.1110. 110 0. 110 0.0110.0230.0340.0460.0570.0680.0800.0910 .102 0.1130.1240.1240.1230.1230.1220.0130.0250.0380.0500.0630.0750.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0250.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .100 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .101 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1340.1340.7710.7210.6730.6240.5780.5320.4860.4380.3870.3340.2780.2730.2660.2570.2470.7000.6550.6120.5690.5280.4880.4480.4050.3610.3130.2640.2600.2540.2460.2370.6260.5870.5500.5130.4770.4420.4070.3710.3330.2920.2490.2460.2410.2340.2270.5520.5190.4880.4560.4260.3960.3670.3360.3040.2700.2330.2310.2280.2220.2150.4790.4524.4260.3990.3740.3500.3260.3010.2750.2470.2180.2160.2130.2090.2040.4070.3850.3650.3440.3240.3050.2860.2660.2460.2250.2020.2000.1980.1950.1920.3340.3190.3040.2880.2740.2600.2460.2320.2180.2030.1860.1850.1830.1810.1790.2600.2520.2430.2340.2250.2170.2080.2000.1910.1820.1720.1710.1690.1680.1660.1870.1850.1820.1800.1770.1740.1720.1690.1660.1630.1590.1580.1570.1560.1550.1130.1180.1220.1250.1290.1330.1360.1390.1420.1450.1480.1470.1460.1450.1440.0400.0500.0610.0710.0810.0910 .101 0. 110 0.1190.1280.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0360.0470.0570.0670.0780.0880.098 0108 0.1180.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0340.0440.0550.0650.0760.0860.0960 .107 0.1170.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0330.0440.0550.0650.0750.0850.0960 .106 0.1160.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0340.0450.0550.0650.0750.0860.0960 .106 0.1160.1270.1370.1360.1350.1340.134(a) ... image.0.0010.0020.0030.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090. 010 0.0110.0120.0120.0120.0120.0120.0020.0050.0070.0090.0110.0140.0160.0180.0200.0230.0250.0250.0250.0250.0250.0030.0070. 010 0.0140.0170.0200.0240.0270.0310.0340.0370.0370.0370.0370.0370.0050.0090.0140.0180.0230.0270.0320.0360.0410.0450.0500.0490.0490.0490.0490.0060.0110.0170.0230.0280.0340.0400.0450.0510.0560.0620.0620.0620.0610.0610.0070.0140.0200.0270.0340.0410.0480.0540.0610.0680.0740.0740.0740.0740.0740.0080.0160.0240.0320.0400.0480.0560.0640.0710.0790.0870.0860.0860.0860.0860.0090.0180.0270.0360.0450.0540.0640.0730.0810.0900.0990.0990.0990.0980.0980. 010 0.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.0720.0820.0920 .102 0.1120.1110.1110. 110 0. 110 0.0110.0230.0340.0460.0570.0680.0800.0910 .102 0.1130.1240.1240.1230.1230.1220.0130.0250.0380.0500.0630.0750.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0250.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .100 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .101 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1340.1340.0010.0020.0030.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090. 010 0.0110.0120.0120.0120.0120.0120.0020.0050.0070.0090.0110.0140.0160.0180.0200.0230.0250.0250.0250.0250.0250.0030.0070. 010 0.0140.0170.0200.0240.0270.0310.0340.0370.0370.0370.0370.0370.0050.0090.0140.0180.0230.0270.0320.0360.0410.0450.0500.0490.0490.0490.0490.0060.0110.0170.0230.0280.0340.0400.0450.0510.0560.0620.0620.0620.0610.0610.0070.0140.0200.0270.0340.0410.0480.0540.0610.0680.0740.0740.0740.0740.0740.0080.0160.0240.0320.0400.0480.0560.0640.0710.0790.0870.0860.0860.0860.0860.0090.0180.0270.0360.0450.0540.0640.0730.0810.0900.0990.0990.0990.0980.0980. 010 0.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.0720.0820.0920 .102 0.1120.1110.1110. 110 0. 110 0.0110.0230.0340.0460.0570.0680.0800.0910 .102 0.1130.1240.1240.1230.1230.1220.0130.0250.0380.0500.0630.0750.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0250.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .100 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .101 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1340.1340.7710.7210.6730.6240.5780.5320.4860.4380.3870.3340.2780.2730.2660.2570.2470.7000.6550.6120.5690.5280.4880.4480.4050.3610.3130.2640.2600.2540.2460.2370.6260.5870.5500.5130.4770.4420.4070.3710.3330.2920.2490.2460.2410.2340.2270.5520.5190.4880.4560.4260.3960.3670.3360.3040.2700.2330.2310.2280.2220.2150.4790.4524.4260.3990.3740.3500.3260.3010.2750.2470.2180.2160.2130.2090.2040.4070.3850.3650.3440.3240.3050.2860.2660.2460.2250.2020.2000.1980.1950.1920.3340.3190.3040.2880.2740.2600.2460.2320.2180.2030.1860.1850.1830.1810.1790.2600.2520.2430.2340.2250.2170.2080.2000.1910.1820.1720.1710.1690.1680.1660.1870.1850.1820.1800.1770.1740.1720.1690.1660.1630.1590.1580.1570.1560.1550.1130.1180.1220.1250.1290.1330.1360.1390.1420.1450.1480.1470.1460.1450.1440.0400.0500.0610.0710.0810.0910 .101 0. 110 0.1190.1280.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0360.0470.0570.0670.0780.0880.098 0108 0.1180.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0340.0440.0550.0650.0760.0860.0960 .107 0.1170.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0330.0440.0550.0650.0750.0850.0960 .106 0.1160.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0340.0450.0550.0650.0750.0860.0960 .106 0.1160.1270.1370.1360.1350.1340.134(a) ... image.0.0010.0020.0030.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090. 010 0.0110.0120.0120.0120.0120.0120.0020.0050.0070.0090.0110.0140.0160.0180.0200.0230.0250.0250.0250.0250.0250.0030.0070. 010 0.0140.0170.0200.0240.0270.0310.0340.0370.0370.0370.0370.0370.0050.0090.0140.0180.0230.0270.0320.0360.0410.0450.0500.0490.0490.0490.0490.0060.0110.0170.0230.0280.0340.0400.0450.0510.0560.0620.0620.0620.0610.0610.0070.0140.0200.0270.0340.0410.0480.0540.0610.0680.0740.0740.0740.0740.0740.0080.0160.0240.0320.0400.0480.0560.0640.0710.0790.0870.0860.0860.0860.0860.0090.0180.0270.0360.0450.0540.0640.0730.0810.0900.0990.0990.0990.0980.0980. 010 0.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.0720.0820.0920 .102 0.1120.1110.1110. 110 0. 110 0.0110.0230.0340.0460.0570.0680.0800.0910 .102 0.1130.1240.1240.1230.1230.1220.0130.0250.0380.0500.0630.0750.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0250.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .100 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .101 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1340.1340.0010.0020.0030.0050.0060.0070.0080.0090. 010 0.0110.0120.0120.0120.0120.0120.0020.0050.0070.0090.0110.0140.0160.0180.0200.0230.0250.0250.0250.0250.0250.0030.0070. 010 0.0140.0170.0200.0240.0270.0310.0340.0370.0370.0370.0370.0370.0050.0090.0140.0180.0230.0270.0320.0360.0410.0450.0500.0490.0490.0490.0490.0060.0110.0170.0230.0280.0340.0400.0450.0510.0560.0620.0620.0620.0610.0610.0070.0140.0200.0270.0340.0410.0480.0540.0610.0680.0740.0740.0740.0740.0740.0080.0160.0240.0320.0400.0480.0560.0640.0710.0790.0870.0860.0860.0860.0860.0090.0180.0270.0360.0450.0540.0640.0730.0810.0900.0990.0990.0990.0980.0980. 010 0.0210.0310.0410.0510.0610.0720.0820.0920 .102 0.1120.1110.1110. 110 0. 110 0.0110.0230.0340.0460.0570.0680.0800.0910 .102 0.1130.1240.1240.1230.1230.1220.0130.0250.0380.0500.0630.0750.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0250.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1240.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0380.0510.0630.0760.0880 .100 0.1120.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .100 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0130.0260.0390.0510.0640.0760.0880 .101 0.1130.1250.1370.1360.1350.1340.1340.7710.7210.6730.6240.5780.5320.4860.4380.3870.3340.2780.2730.2660.2570.2470.7000.6550.6120.5690.5280.4880.4480.4050.3610.3130.2640.2600.2540.2460.2370.6260.5870.5500.5130.4770.4420.4070.3710.3330.2920.2490.2460.2410.2340.2270.5520.5190.4880.4560.4260.3960.3670.3360.3040.2700.2330.2310.2280.2220.2150.4790.4524.4260.3990.3740.3500.3260.3010.2750.2470.2180.2160.2130.2090.2040.4070.3850.3650.3440.3240.3050.2860.2660.2460.2250.2020.2000.1980.1950.1920.3340.3190.3040.2880.2740.2600.2460.2320.2180.2030.1860.1850.1830.1810.1790.2600.2520.2430.2340.2250.2170.2080.2000.1910.1820.1720.1710.1690.1680.1660.1870.1850.1820.1800.1770.1740.1720.1690.1660.1630.1590.1580.1570.1560.1550.1130.1180.1220.1250.1290.1330.1360.1390.1420.1450.1480.1470.1460.1450.1440.0400.0500.0610.0710.0810.0910 .101 0. 110 0.1190.1280.1360.1360.1350.1350.1340.0360.0470.0570.0670.0780.0880.098 0108 0.1180.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0340.0440.0550.0650.0760.0860.0960 .107 0.1170.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0330.0440.0550.0650.0750.0850.0960 .106 0.1160.1270.1370.1360.1350.1350.1340.0340.0450.0550.0650.0750.0860.0960 .106 0.1160.1270.1370.1360.1350.1340.134(a)...