... following:a) MN visits new network b) New network obtains the address of old network c) New network requests context transfer to old network d) Old network transfers context of MN to new network e) After ... security associations between networks. This scheme reduces the totalnumber of security associations to O(N), i.e, between thebroker and N networks. Thus, whenever a foreign network needs security ... Closed Network Access Control: Closed Network [35] isa proprietary access control mechanism. With this mechanism,5a network manager can use either an open or a closed network. In an open network, ...