... emerge in the1990s.Coal gasification research and development have concentrated on handling of solids, problems with ash, and dealing with the sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in coal. ... Photonic, and Recording Materials and Devices 37FIVE: Polymers, Ceramics, and Composites 61SIX: Processing of Energy and Natural Resources 79SEVEN: Environmental Protection, Process Safety, and ... (biotechnology) as amanufacturing tool and to create new biomedical devices, and to design new products and manufacturingprocesses for advanced materials and devices for information storage and...