... A Meta-Level Grammar:
Redefining Synchronous TAG for Translation and Paraphrase
Mark Dras
Microsoft Research Institute
Department ... how a meta-level gram-
mar resolves the representational problems; and
it further shows that this has no effect on the
generative capacity of S -TAG.
2 S -TAG and Machine Translation
Synchronous ... object-level formal-
ism wo...
... corpus
that were not used for training.
The POS tagger we developed is currently the
fastest tagger for the Portuguese language, and it
is in line with state-of-the-art taggers for other lan-
guages, ... a contraction.
5
4 POS tagger
For the POS tagging task we used Brant’s TnT tag-
ger (Brants, 2000), a very efficient statistical tag-
ger based on Hidden Markov Models.
For tra...
... specifically, in
terms of c-command and minimal dominating S
and NP domains, control and unbounded de-
p
endency structures can only be handled b~' ad-
itional and fairly complex devices. ... Reinhart (1976) and (1983) for alternative definitions of c-command, and discussions of the role of this re-
lation in determining the possibilities of anaphora. See Lappin (1985)...
... language processing
(Lari and Young, 1990; Pereira and Schabes, 1992;
Carroll and Charniak, 1992). The constituent con-
text model (CCM) for inducing constituency parses
(Klein and Manning, 2002) was ... dependency
grammar induction. For instance, the dependency
model with valence (DMV) of Klein and Manning
(2004) has been extended to utilize multilingual in-
formation (Berg-Kir...
... divided by the sum of intensities for full-length and
truncated ApoC1. The rate constant for disappearance of
ApoC1 was determined from a first-order decay plot, and
standard deviation from triplicate ... dithio-
threitol and iodoacetamide, with quantification of Cys
by detection of mass change of a peptide after reduc-
tion and alkylation. These and other approaches have
been des...
... Juro Supplies,
Lucerne, Switzerland) were added, and the slurry was incu-
bated for 36 h at 6 °C on a rotating wheel. The beads were
then pelleted by centrifugation, and the supernatant con-
taining ... kDa) and cata-
lyze (232 kDa).
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank M. Linder and X. Lan Vu for
their technical assistance, R. Brun of the Swiss Trop-
ical Institute, University...
... non-copula
questions and build the model for only copula questions.
ponent of a candidate sentence. For example for
the given question, ”When did Nixon die?”, when
the following candidate sentence, ... affirmed ques-
tions did not contain any object and they are also
in copula (linking) sentence form that is, they
are only formed by subject and information about
the subject as: {su...
... in the form of “Mr. and Mrs. Smith”, “Mr.
And Mrs. Smith”, and so on. To deal with these
aliasing forms, we transform all different forms
into a standard form for the later ranking and
identification. ... retrieve candi-
dates and then use lexical information, frequen-
cies, and distances to find the correct translation.
They achieve a Top-1 accuracy of 81.0% and
claim t...
... instances for
the start classifier, 500,000 for the end classifier,
and 272,000 for the role classifier. The features
used by the classifiers are described in Subsec-
tion 3.2, and the performance ... A list L of chunks and a target word t
Binary classifiers starts and ends
Output: The sets S and E of start and end brackets
Split L into the sublists L
before
, L
target
, and L...