Báo cáo khoa học: "Methods for Using Textual Entailment in Open-Domain Question Answering" doc

... asked in natural language. In the quest for producing accurate answers, the open-domain Q/A problem has been cast as: (1) a pipeline of linguistic processes pertaining to the processing of questions, ... Paragraphs Question Documents Answers Answers−M1 Answers−M2 Answers−M3 QUESTION ANSWERING SYSTEM Figure 1: Integrating Textual Entailment in Q/A. lows. Section 2 describes t...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... Significance Testing We have assessed the significance of differences between AMs using the well-known test as de- scribed in (Krenn, 2000). 12 The thin lines in Fig- ure 10 delimit 95% confidence intervals ... of candidates in those sets (6 435 for AdjN, 10 According to the -test as described in section 6. 279 880 for PNV), manual inspection of the en- tire data is impractical. Th...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... 2006. Meth- ods for Using Textual Entailment in Open-Domain Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 21st In- ternational Conference on Computational Linguis- tics and 44th Annual Meeting of the ... formalize, and solve textual inference prob- lems motivated by the Recognizing Textual Entail- ment setting, in the following ways: (a) Making the Recognizing Textual E...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... methods for combinatorial problems using depth-first and branch and bound strategies) and (4) extra-logical predicates (for help in debugging processes). Forward checking and looking ahead in- ... homograph level using 50 example sentences 431 from LDOCE. 3 CHIP: Constraint Handling In Prolog We decided it was worthwhile investigating the use of a constraint handling lang...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... in HTML format, with comments interspersed in them; the final versions are Microsoft Word documents. Our first task, therefore, is to convert them into a machine-actionable, XML format conforming to ... the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). 1 Introduction Learner corpora have been playing an increasingly important role in both Second Language Acquisition and Foreign Language Teaching resear...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 20:20

... and vague. In this paper, we introduce Risk Mining, which is the task of identifying a set of risks pertaining to a business area or entity. We argue that by combining Web mining and Information ... Miner Taxonomy Inducer Seed Patterns "* <RISK> such as *" Search Engine Web Pages Business Reports Risk Alerting Notification Risk Taxonomy Risk Mining for Risk Identification...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... framework for interlinguas, rather than one universal interlingua. This makes the interlingual approach more light-weight and feasible than in systems assuming one universal interlingua, such ... follows: Class(pp:integer )  cat integer ObjectProperty(pp:div domain(pp:integer) range(pp:integer))  fun div : integer -> integer -> prop 4 Grammar Engineer’s Tools In the GF setting,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... question whether they can be used for generation. The answer to this question will emerge throughout this paper. Lexical information As in any categorial grammar, linguistic information in ... proceedings of the theorem prover. It starts applying rules, matching them with the an- tecedent, without making use of the original se- mantic information, and thus resulting in an i...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... precedes a clitic beginning with l- or n-, the masculine dative form gli is used instead of the feminine one. Other evidence for the affixal status of clitics comes from coordination. Italian ... com- bining with a VP whose head has already combined with a clitic, since all cliticized verb forms are speci- fied as [+CL] in the lexicon. In the case of auxiliaries, clitic climbing...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... materials in 10 min at 25 °C was evaluated by measuring the decrease in pro- tein amount remaining in the solution. Adsorption to (A) calcite in ASW, (B) glass in ASW, (C) benzoguanamine–formaldehyde ... present study was performed to characterize the nature of the protein in the primary cement. Thereaf- ter, we expressed the recombinant form of the protein in bacteria in a so...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20