Báo cáo khoa học: "Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning and Hidden Markov Models for Task-Oriented Natural Language Generation" ppt

... Association for Computational Linguistics:shortpapers, pages 654–659,Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011.c2011 Association for Computational LinguisticsHierarchical Reinforcement Learning and Hidden ... consis-tency (Halliday and Hasan, 1976), and variation,which inﬂuence people’s assessment of discourse(Levelt and Kelter, 1982) and generated output (Belz and Reiter, 2006; Foster and Oberlander, 2006).Also, ... content selection. We suggest touse Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) toachieve this. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is an at-tractive framework for optimising a sequence of de-cisions given...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Combining Word-Level and Character-Level Models for Machine Translation Between Closely-Related Languages" ppt

... MK–EN, and Pr(b|e) and Pr(e|b) for EN–BG, where m, e, and b stand for aMacedonian, an English, and a Bulgarian word.Then, following (Callison-Burch et al., 2006; Wu and Wang, 2007; Utiyama and ... and +1.23 BLEU points over (c2).45 Conclusion and Future WorkWe have explored several combinations of character- and word-level translation models for translatingbetween closely-related languages ... sequences. In our case, we opted for a 10-character language model and a maximumphrase length of 10 (based on initial experiments).However, word alignment models are not ﬁt for character-level SMT,...

Báo cáo khoa học: "A Comparative Study of Parameter Estimation Methods for Statistical Natural Language Processing" potx

... selection task and a language model adaptation task. Then we apply the best of these estimators to two additional tasks involving conditional sequence models: a CMM for POS tagging and a CRF for Chinese ... best performing estimators in all of the tasks, and AP achieves almost as well and requires much less training time. L1 (Lasso) regularization also per-forms well and leads to sparser models. ... and the log-loss used by ME estimation is most natural for it; thus we limit the comparison to the two kinds of ME models for CMMs. Note that our goal is not to compare locally trained models...

... State Transducers Approximating Hidden Markov Models Andrd Kempe Rank Xerox Research Centre - Grenoble Laboratory 6, chemin de Maupertuis - 38240 Meylan - France andre, kempe©grenoble, rxrc. ... tags tn and t12, c2 with the three tags t21, t22 and t23 , and c3 with one tag t31. Different classes may contain the same tag, e.g. t12 and t2s may refer to the same tag. For every ... of tags (fig. 2, col. 1 and 2): ~l-Level and 2-level format are explained in the an- flex. First, the word is looked for in the lexicon. If this fails, it is looked for in the guesser. If...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Hierarchical Sequential Learning for Extracting Opinions and their Attributes" ppt

... i)where gO and g′Oare feature vectors deﬁned for Opinion extraction, gP and g′Pare feature vectorsdeﬁned for Polarity extraction, and gS and g′Sarefeature vectors deﬁned for Strength ... ofopinion (e.g. Kim and Hovy (2005), Popescu and Etzioni (2005), Breck et al. (2007)), determiningtheir polarity (e.g. Hu and Liu (2004), Kim and Hovy (2004), Wilson et al. (2005)), and determin-ing ... 11-16 July 2010.c2010 Association for Computational LinguisticsHierarchical Sequential Learning for Extracting Opinions and theirAttributesYejin Choi and Claire CardieDepartment of Computer...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Hierarchical Joint Learning: Improving Joint Parsing and Named Entity Recognition with Non-Jointly Labeled Data" potx

... hierarchical models. There has not been muchwork on multi-task learning in the NLP com-munity; Daum´e III (2007) and Finkel and Man-ning (2009a) both build models for multi-domain learning, a ... CRF-CFG and a PCFGis analogous to the relationship between a linear-chain CRF and a hidden Markov model (HMM) for modeling sequence data. Let t be a com-plete parse tree for sentence s, and each ... hierar-chical joint model. There are separate base models for just parsing, just NER, and joint parsing and NER. The parameters for these models are linkedvia a hierarchical prior.Each model...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Using Reinforcement Learning to Build a Better Model of Dialogue State" pdf

... anno-tated for Student and Tutor Moves (see Tables 1 and 2) which can be viewed as Dialogue Acts(Forbes-Riley et al., 2005). Note that tutor and stu-dent turns can consist of multiple utterances and can ... dialogues wereauthored beforehand by physics experts. For ev-ery turn there is a list of possible correct, incor-rect and partially correct answers the student canmake, and then for each one of these ... and a discount factor, For this study, we use a threshold of 50 and adiscount factor of 0.9, which is also what is com-monly used in other RL models, such as (Framp-ton and Lemon, 2005). For...

Báo cáo khoa học: "Combining EM Training and the MDL Principle for an Automatic Verb Classiﬁcation incorporating Selectional Preferences" pot

... Figure 2. Both for 10 and 20 frames, the results are better for 50 than for 20 clusters, with small differences between 10 and 20 frames. The results vary between -11.850 and -10.620 (for 5-50 iterations), ... regarding the required arguments.497 and Light (1999) and turn WordNet into a Hidden Markov model (HMM). We create a new pseudo-concept for each WordNet noun and add it as a hy-ponym to each synset ... cluster, and not on the verb,4. selecting a WordNet concept r for each argu-ment slot, e.g. person for the ﬁrst slot withprobability p(person|c3, subj-pp.to, 1) and so-cial group for the...

Báo cáo khoa học: Proteoglycans in health and disease: new concepts for heparanase function in tumor progression and metastasis pptx

... accelerates wound angiogenesis and wound healing in mouse and rat models. FASEB J 19,211–221.30 Casu B, Vlodavsky I & Sanderson RD (2008) Non-anticoagulant heparins and inhibition of cancer. ... health and disease: new concepts for heparanase function in tumor progression and metastasisUri Barash1, Victoria Cohen-Kaplan1, Ilana Dowek2, Ralph D. Sanderson3, Neta Ilan1 and Israel ... proliferation and the formation of larger colonies in soft agar, in aSrc- and EGFR-dependent manner [66]. The clinicalrelevance of the heparanase–Src–EGFR pathway hasbeen elucidated for head and neck...

Báo cáo khoa học: Contributions of host and symbiont pigments to the coloration of reef corals pptx

... pigmentationis a prerequisite for these studies, and therefore wehave analyzed in detail the origin of red ﬂuorescentcoloration of Faviina and Meandriina corals.Results and DiscussionGFP-like proteins ... nm, and consequently, its Stokesshift of 31 nm is more than twice as large as for theother photoconvertible proteins; and (c) its excitationspectrum is rather broad, and the vibronic band ... Danvers, MA, USA) for 3 h at 4 °C.Calibration series were set up using EosFP, mcavRFP and lhemOFP before and after photoconversion. Fluores-cence intensity was measured at the green and red emissionmaxima,...

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