Plant physiology - Chapter 13 Secondary Metabolites and Plant Defense docx

... compounds found in free form in plant cells. Secondary Metabolites and Plant Defense 13 Chapter IN NATURAL HABITATS, plants are surrounded by an enormous num- ber of potential enemies. Nearly ... H. K. (1999) The 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50: 47–65. Logemann, E., Parniske, M., a...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20

... isotope ratios of plants? C 3 plants have a δ 13 C of about –28 ‰; C 4 plants have an average value of –14 ‰ (Farquhar et al. 1989). Both C 3 and C 4 plants have less 13 C than the isotope standard, which ... Thus, C 4 plants can use water and nitrogen more efficiently than C 3 plants can. On the other hand, the additional energy cost of the concen- trating mechanism (see Chapter 8)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20

... have three structural fea- tures: a DNA-binding domain, a transcription-activat- ing domain, and a ligand-binding domain. To bind to a specific sequence of DNA, the DNA-binding domain must have ... of the seven-span- ning transmembrane family of receptors. Rhodopsin consists of the protein opsin covalently bound to the light-absorbing molecule 11-cis-retinal. When 11-cis-reti- nal absorbs ....

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... light-grown plants would contain less GA 1 than dark-grown plants. However, light-grown plants turned out to contain more GA 1 than dark-grown plants—indicating that de-etiolation is a com- plex ... transcription and transla- tion. 2. Heavy-isotope- and radioactive-isotope-labeling studies demonstrated that the stimulation of α-amy- lase activity by gibberellin involved de novo synthe- s...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... [L] (Leu) Isoleucine [I] (Ile) - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO C CH 2 C - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO - COO H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + + + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N + H 3 N...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... water relations? Planta 204: 131 139 . Stein, W. D. (1986) Transport and Diffusion across Cell Membranes. Aca- demic Press, Orlando, FL. Steudle, E. (1989) Water flow in plants and its coupling ... 93: 133 67 133 70. Nobel, P. S. (1999) Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Schäffner, A. R. (1998) Aquaporin function, structure,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 01:20

... concentration, temperature, and nutri- ent and water supply (see Chapter 25, Web Topic 11.7, and Web Essay 11.5). Whole -plant respiration rates, particularly when con- sidered on a fresh-weight basis, are ... 11 RESPIRATION IN INTACT PLANTS AND TISSUES Many rewarding studies of plant respiration and its regu- lation have been carried out on isolated organelles and on cell-f...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 20:20

... ger- mination, the activity of these primary meristems gener- ates the primary tissues and organs that constitute the pri- mary plant body. Most plants also develop a variety of secondary meri- stems during ... roots, and stems, and they are sterile (Figure 16.10D–F). Nevertheless, the mutant plants not only establish an axial pattern, but they have all the cell types and organs o...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... systems. Continuous red light absorbed by phyB stimulates de-eti- 390 Chapter 17 TABLE 17.4 Comparison of the very-low-fluence (VLFR), low-fluence (LFR), and high-irradiance responses (HIR) Type of Response ... PhyA and phyB move to the nucleus upon con- version to the Pfr forms. Phytochrome responses have been classified into very- low-fluence, low-fluence, and high-irradiance resp...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... H + H + H + H + H + H + Cl – CYTOPLASM Glucose-1-phosphate Sucrose Sucrose Sucrose Phosphoenol- pyruvate Malate Malate VACUOLE K + K + Cl – K + Cl – CHLOROPLAST Calvin cycle Ribulose-1, 5- bisphosphate Fructose-6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate Starch Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate Dihydroxyacetone 3-phosphate 3 phosphoglycerate CO 2 CO 2 MaltoseGlucose (A) ? Cl – C...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20