... reports, the annual reports filed by banking organizations, and earlier bank examinations. Ownership and management data for 1990 were also reviewed inorder to ensure that the sample banks had no significant ... bank efficient? A look at financial characteristics and bank management and ownership structure Kenneth Spong, Richard J. Sullivan, and Robert DeYoung*Kenneth Spong and Richard J. Sullivanare ... organizational structure independent banks, one- bank holding companies, or multibankholding companies— appears to be a guarantee of efficiency, and banks fromeach organizational format achievedabout...