... in the < /b> heart – b 1-AR, b 2-AR and b 3-AR. Of < /b> these, the < /b> b 1-AR subtype stimulates the< /b> classic Gs–adenylyl cyclase–cAMP protein < /b> kinase A< /b> signaling pathway, whereas b 2-AR activates bifurcatedsignaling ... known that b- ARstimulation can activate the < /b> mitogen-activated protein< /b> kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway [15,16]. On the < /b> otherhand, the < /b> MAPK pathway has been shown to have animportant role in the < /b> ... reasons to have STAT3 in the < /b> heart. Phar-macol Ther 107, 131–137.9 Kodama H, Fukuda K, Pan J, Makino S, Sano M,Takahashi T, Hori S & Ogawa S (1998) Biphasic activa-tion of < /b> the < /b> JAK ⁄ STAT...