... (in agriculture, mining, manufacturing, services, and so on), income from livestock and crop sales, and remittances, rent income, and other reported income. On average, poultry (live bird) and ... reduction in the demand for poultry and poultry products‖ (Aning, Turkson, and Asuming-Brempong 2008). There were three actual outbreaks of HPAI in Ghana in 2007 (Aning, Turkson, and Asuming-Brempong ... small-scale flocks in Ghana and Kenya keep larger flocks (6 and 11 birds, respectively) and hence would require higher levels of investment (in housing, veterinary inputs, marketing, and so on), which...