... object to be handled [7], dynamics and control of the closed-loop system formed by the multi-arm robot and the object [8], [9], and force control issues such as hybrid position/force control [10], ... value and control command, respectively. The command vector e~ to the actuators of the two arms is calculated by e~ = ez + eu (1.32) where ez is the command vector for the position control and ... hybrid control of position/motion and force [10], [11], [12], [13], [17], [18], [19], and impedance control [20], [21]. Any of those control schemes will be successfully applied to the control...