Tài liệu ITIL® V3 and ASL Sound Guidance for Application Management and Application Development docx

... Government Commerce.13 ITIL® V3 & ASL: A ComparisonAlignmentWhite PaperJanuary 2008 ITIL® V3 and ASL Sound Guidance for Application Management and Application Development Machteld Meijer, ... new Application Application applications Development DevelopmentMaintaining Application Application existing Development Management applicationsOperational Application Application management ... Netherlands), who distinguishes three forms of IT Management: Business Information Management, Application Management {ASL} and Infrastructure Management. Business Information Management and...

... designs for transmission networks,based on our unique expertise. These includedesigns for: • Transmit and receive path • Baseband and optical• Signal grooming• Capacity planning• Ironwork and ... and cable networks• We engineer and install equipment from more than 60 different vendors• We incorporate industry, network equipment manufacturer and carrier standards into our planning -and- engineering ... network makes for reduced complexity, lower costs and fewer service issues. Unfortunately, the reality is that many operators have fewer resourcesdedicated to network planning and design. With...

... derivatives’ notional/contract amounts.cBefore including GAO estimates for foreign exchange forwards and over-the-counter options.Table 5NOTIONAL/CONTRACT AMOUNTS FOR DERIVATIVES WORLDWIDE BY INDIVIDUAL ... common principles and standards for capital, accounting, disclosure, and examination offinancial institutions using derivatives. In addition, the billrequires the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Comptroller ... 1993Percentage Increasefrom 1990 to 1993ForwardsForward rate agreements 1,156 1,533 1,807 2,522Foreign exchange forwardsa3,277 4,531 5,510 6,232Total forwards 4,433 6,064 7,317 8,754 35 97FuturesInterest...

... 1.2-inch retention standard for new development and redevelopment—to be achieved through evapotranspiration, infiltration, and harvesting and numeric retrofit targets for street trees and green roofs, ... also put together design standards for greener parking lots and established green stormwater management standards for development. 23 RAIN BARRELS, TREE PLANTINGS, AND OTHER GREEN INITIATIVESThe ... outreach and education program and provides financial incentives in the form of a direct grant program and rain barrel giveaways. There is currently no retention standard for new development or redevelopment,...

... TheStanMarkprojectbringstogetherresearchers and policy‐makerstodevelopasetofstandards for marketingfoods and beveragesconsistentwiththeresolutionoftheWorldHealthAssembly.ObjectivesConveneaseriesofmeetingsinEurope and theUSAtobringtogetherkeymembersofthescientificresearchcommunity and policy‐makingcommunitytoconsiderhowmarketingfood and beveragesmayaffectchildren’shealth.Identifycurrent‘bestpractice’approachestothecontrolofmarketing,includingmeasuresnotspecificallyaddressingfood and beveragemarketing,ornotspecificallydirectedtotheprotectionofchildren.Exploretheuseofstandards and marketingcodestoinfluencecommercialactivity,includingstandardsfromotherindustrialsectors.Proposeasetofstandardstoformthebasis for across‐bordercodeofmarketingoffoods and beverages.Developweb‐basedresources for policy development concerningfood and beveragemarketingtochildren and relatedmaterialstosupportpolicy development. Projectpartners ... Newtechnology163.Proposedstandards18 Standard1:Specifyingthefoods and beverages   18 Standard2:Agegroups18 Standard3:Mediaused for marketingmessages  19 Standard4:Marketingmethods19 ... dertoavoidappealingtoyoungerages.Ahighstandard:Theageorlegalmajorityisdeterminedbylocallegislation.Permittedtargetagegroupsshouldbesignificantlyabovetheminimumlegalage:anexampleisthebanontargetingalcoholicbeveragestopeopleunderage25requiredbyFacebookinIndia and Sweden.33 For food and beverages,theUKOfcomregulationsapplyduringtelevisionprogrammeswhichappealtochildrenunderage16.Standard3:Mediaused for marketingmessagesIssue:Childrenhaveaccesstoawiderangeofmedia.Inaddition,cross‐bordermediaservicesarenoteasilycontrolledbythejurisdictionintheterritorywherethemessageisreceived.Proposal:Riskreductionmeansincludingallmediawhichcarrymarketingmessagesaswellasthosewhichcrossnationalborders(e.g.Internet,satellite and cableTV, and exportedTVprogrammes,films,games,toys and otherproducts).Foodpackaging,formulation and presentationareincluded,asaresponsoredsportsevents and productplacements.Ahighstandard:Acomprehensiveapproachassumesallmediaunlessspecificallyexempted.Mediabroadcastacrossseveraltimezonesshouldbeassumedtoreachchildren and adolescents.ExamplesfromothersectorsincludeFacebook,whichprohibitstobacco and gamblingmarketing and restrictsalcoholmarketing.34 For tobacco,theFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControlprovidesacomprehensivedefinition:‘allformsofcommercialcommunication,recommendationoraction and anyformofcontributiontoanevent,activityorindividual’.35Standard4:MarketingmethodsIssue:Mostmarketingworksbelowconsciousawareness, and childreninparticularmaybevulnerabletomarketingmessagesofspecialappealtothem.Manymarketingmethodsfalloutsidecurrentadvertisingregulations.Proposal:Riskreductionmeansexcludingtechniqueswithspecialappealtochildren and adolescents.Thisincludestheuseofcartooncharacters,animation,celebrities,sportspersonalities, and thecolouring,shaping and designofproducts and packaginglikelytohaveaparticularappealtochildren and adolescents.Ahighstandard:Acomprehensiveapproachacknowledgesthatchildren and adolescentsareexposedtomanymarketingmessages,includingthosedesignedtoattractthem and thosedesignedtotargetnon‐childaudiences. For tobacco,theFrameworkConvention36coversactionswhichhavethe‘aim,effect,orlikelyeffectofpromotingatobaccoproductor33http://www.insidefacebook.com/2010/10/08/alcohol‐advertisement‐guidelines/34http://www.facebook.com/ad_guidelines.php35http://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/article_13.pdf36http://www.who.int/fctc/guidelines/article_13.pdf20tobaccouseeitherdirectlyorindirectly’.Itspecifiesall‘advertising,promotion and sponsorship’. For breast‐milksubstitutes,theInternationalCode37specifiesthatcontrolsapplyto‘productpromotion,distribution,selling,advertising,productpublicrelations, and informationservices’.Thesephrasescanbeadaptedwiththeadditionof‘abletoinfluenceachild’.Standard5:UseofbrandsIssue:Products and mediamaycarryabrandidentity for acompanylinkedtofoodorbeverageproductswithoutspecifyingafoodorbeverageorgivinganexplicitmarketingmessage.Proposal:Riskreductionmeansbrandswithrecognisablelinkstofood and beverageproductsneedtobetreatedasiftheywerepromotingthefoodorbeveragetowhichtheyareassociated.Ahighstandard:Acomprehensiveapproachrestrictstheuseofbrandpromotionlikelytoinfluencechildrenwhenthatbrandhasarecognisableassociationwithfood and drinkproductssubjecttomarketingrestrictions.Wherebrandslinktomultipleproducts,theassumptionshouldbethatthebrandispromotingthemostfamiliarorhighestsellingofitsproducts.ProposalsfromtheAustralianObesityPolicyCoalitionsuggestthatbrandsshouldberestrictedunlesstheyarebeingusedinapromotion for ahealthyfoodproductorrange.38‘Brand’meansthenameofafoodorbeverageproductorrangeofproducts,orthemanufacturerordistributorthereof,oranyotherwords,designsorimagesthatarecloselyassociatedwithsuchproducts.Standard6:Settings and locationsIssue:Authoritiesresponsible for standardswherechildrenaregathered,suchasschools and childcarefacilities,haveadutytoensurethatnothingprejudicesachild’swellbeing.Proposal:Riskreductionmeansthatallsettingswherechildrengathershouldbefreefromthepromotionofspecifiedfood and beverages,includingbrands,logos,vouchers and giftsassociatedwithsuchproducts.Ahighstandard:Acomprehensiveapproachavoidstheneedtospecifyeverypossiblesetting.TheWHORecommendationsstate“settingsinclude,butarenotlimitedto,nurseries,schools,schoolgrounds and pre‐schoolcentres,playgrounds,family and childclinics and paediatricservices, and duringanysporting and culturalactivitiesthatareheldonthesepremises”.39 For alcohol,theCityofSanDiego,California,adoptedanordinanceinOctober2000whichprohibitsadvertisingalcoholonanybillboardwithin1,000feetofany37http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/code_english.pdf38http://www.opc.org.au/downloads/positionpapers/Protecting‐children‐email1_FINAL_13.04.11.pdf39http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/marketing‐food‐to‐children/en/index.html21school,playground,recreationcentreorfacility,childcarecentre,arcade,orlibrary.40Therearealsomanyexamplesoflocation‐basedtobaccocontrols.41Standard7:AccountabilityIssue:Marketingmessagesareproduced and distributedbydiversestakeholdersincludingfoodproducers,manufacturers,importersorsellers,advertisingagencies,mediacompanies,mediadistributors and retailers,webcontenthosts,webaccessproviders and websearchengines.Proposal:Riskreductionrequiresthatadutyofcare and attentiontotheprotectionofchildren and adolescentsshouldbeexercisedbyallpartiesinthedisseminationofmarketingmessages.Ahighstandard:Acomprehensiveapproachwouldholdallpartiesinvolvedinconveyingamarketingmessagetobeaccountable. For sponsorshipmediathisincludessportseventhosts. For promotionaltechniquesembodiedinafoodproductthisincludesimporters,retailers and caterers.Cross‐bordermarketingstandardsneedtobeenforceablethroughinternationalagreementswithsanctions.Examplesofpossiblestandard‐settingmechanismsincludeWHOhealthregulations,ISOstandards and CodexAlimentariusstandards.40http://business.highbeam.com/410209/article‐1G1‐204543912/alcohol‐advertising‐billboards‐transit‐shelters and 41http://tobaccodocuments.org/women/2080811374‐1392.html.22AppendixWorldHealthOrganizationSetofRecommendationsontheMarketingofFoods and Non‐alcoholicBeveragestoChildren42...

... Linguistics (ACL), Sapporo, Japan.John Lafferty, Andrew McCallum, and FernandoPereira. 2001. Conditional Random Fields: Prob-abilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Se-quence Data. In Proceedings ... adhere tothe definition of opinion holders from previouswork (Wiegand and Klakow, 2010; Wiegand and Klakow, 2011a; Wiegand and Klakow, 2011b),i.e. every source of a private state or a subjectivespeech ... for chunk parsing CASS (Abney, 1991) and for con-stituency parsing Stanford Parser (Klein and Man-ning, 2003). Named-entity information is pro-vided by Stanford Tagger (Finkel et al., 2005).4.2...

... full of useful information for the prospective and active cheesemaker. Illustrated with artistic black and white photographs byTommy Elder, the book details the theory and applications of making ... for the ice cream connoisseur.NotesNotesNotesNotesNotesNotesThe Small Dairy Resource BookThe Small Dairy Resource BookInformation sources forInformation sources for farmstead producers andfarmstead ... basic recipes for variouscheeses and kitchen recipes for using the cheese. A cheese glossary and chart on“Cheese Problems and Solutions,” though somewhat out of place – after the soap and meat chapters...

... actor and singer. To learn my craft and prepare for auditions, I studied with the best acting and voice teachers in thebusiness. They reassured me that I had talent and a fine singingvoice, and ... frightthat had plagued me on and off for so long.Believing this process could work for anyone, in any walk oflife, I began using it in my seminars. And as the demand for themincreased, I bid ... straightforward tools, tips, and exercisesthat will enable you to develop and master a technique for speak-ing naturally and persuasively in any circumstance.These tools, tips, and exercises are not...

... source word si and a target word tj, how manychildren of si and tjare aligned together? For exam-ple, “tshyr” and “refers” have 2 aligned children whichare “ayda-also” and “aly-to” as ... C was 5 and cut-off feature threshold n was 1.We use precision (P ), recall (R) and F-score (F ) toevaluate the classifier performance and they are com-1http://pocket-crf-1.sourceforge.net/puted ... POSWPPAll-Good(b) 4-classFigure 4: Performance of binary and 4-class classifiers trained with different feature sets on the development and unseen test sets.structures have unique and effective levers to improvethe...

... contracting xl and x2 to yl, 5. two_sidedistance(xl, Yl ; 0, Y2) be the cost of expanding xl to Y 1 and yg, and 6. two sidedistance(xl, Yl ; x2, yg.) be the cost of merging Xl and xg. and matching ... characters and 0.33 for words, indicating that characters are less noisy than words, and are therefore more suitable for use in align. 7. Conclusions This paper has proposed a method for aligning ... Ii and 12, and the two parameters, c and s 2. That is, 8 = (12 - It c)l~f-~l s 2. Then, Prob([81) is computed by integrating a standard normal distribution (with mean zero and variance...