Tài liệu Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors pptx

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... Inc.ÆÀ1¼1=5boundaryisoneinwhich1in5ofthegrainboundaryatomsmatch,asshowninFig.2.8(c).Twinboundariesmayformwithincrystals.Suchboundarieslieacrossdeformationtwinplanes,asshowninFig.2.8(d).Notethattheatomsoneithersideofthetwinplanesaremirrorimages.Stackingfaultsmayalsobeformedwhentheperfectstackinginthecrystallinestackingsequenceisdisturbed,Figs2.8(e)and2.8(f).Thesemaybethoughtofastheabsenceofaplaneofatoms(intrinsicstackingfaults)ortheinsertionofrowsofatomsthatdisturbthearrangementofatoms(extrinsicstackingfaults).IntrinsicandextrinsicstackingfaultsareillustratedschematicallyinFigs2.8(e)and2.8(f),respectively.NotehowtheperfectABCABCstackingofatomsisdisturbedbytheinsertionorabsenceofrowsofatoms.2.3.4VolumeDefectsVolumedefectsareimperfectionssuchasvoids,bubble/gasentrapments,porosity,inclusions,precipitates,andcracks.Theymaybeintroducedintoasolidduringprocessingorfabricationprocesses.AnexampleofvolumedefectsispresentedinFig.2.9.ThisshowsMnSinclusionsinanA707steel.AnotherexampleofavolumedefectispresentedinFig.1.16(d).This ... model of grain growth may be developed by using an analogy of growing soap bubbles. We assume that the growth of the soap bubbles(analogous to grains) is driven primarily by the surface energy of ... lead to the growth of grains in apolycrystalline material.2.3.2 Line DefectsLine defects consist primarily of dislocations, typically at the edges of patches where part of a crystallographic...

... mechanical properties of mate-rials. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all the differentaspects of mechanical properties; such a task would be beyond the capabil-ities of any ... exist in all of the electronic packages that are used in modern electronic devices. Since the reliability of these packages is often determined by the thermal and mechanical prop-erties of the individual ... Inc.2DefectStructureandMechanical Properties 2.1INTRODUCTIONSincethemechanicalbehaviorofsolidsisoftencontrolledbydefects,abriefreviewofthedifferenttypesofdefectsispresentedinthischapteralongwiththeindicialnotationthatisoftenusedinthecharacterizationofatomicplanesanddimensions.Thepossibledefectlengthscalesarealsodiscussedbeforepresentingabriefintroductiontodiffusion-controlledphasetrans-formations.Finally,anoverviewofthemechanicalbehaviorofmaterialsispresentedinanefforttopreparethereaderformoredetaileddiscussioninsubsequentchapters.Thematerialdescribedinthischapterisintendedforthosewithlimitedpriorbackgroundintheprinciplesofmaterialsscience.Thebetterpreparedreadermay,therefore,choosetoskimthischapterandmoveontoChap.3inwhichthefundamentalsofstressandstrainarepresented.2.2...

... family of subtypes of type Number; "? super Integer" is the family of supertypes of type Integer; and "?"is the set of all types. Correspondingly, the wildcard instantiation of ... ElementType> c) of class java.util.List. It allows the addition of elements to a List of element type ElementType, where the elements are taken from a collection of elements that are of a subtype of ElementType.Now ... code for every instantiation of a template. The downside of code specialization of generic types is its potential for code bloat. A list of integers and a list of strings would be represented...

... brief, of the contents of this chapter.2. Revise the introduction to any of your written addresses, with the teachings of this chapter in mind.3. Give two original examples of the power of suggestion ... triple purpose: that of suggesting the forms of prooftogether with the ways in which they may be used; that of helping the speaker to test the strength of hisarguments; and that of enabling the ... It renders a large force of peace officers essential, and it adds to the expense of the courts and of nearly all branches of civil administration. Justice Bradley, of the United States Supreme...

... mythus of its birth, told of the power of the sun-light that spread out its delicate leaves, and forced 65 of 260 them to impregnate the air with their incense—and then he thought of the manifold ... speak of something at which one may laugh heartily. Laughing is an infallible sign of the highest degree of mental development. Can a dog, or a horse laugh? No, but they can cry. The gift of ... strike the reader. ‘The sweet air!’ continued he of the police-office, in his dreamy imaginings; ‘how it reminds me of the violets in the garden of my aunt Magdalena! Yes, then I was a little...

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... very future of IPT depends in part on the development of compelling applications. There are a variety of potential applications, many of which we have probably not even conceived of, that leverage ... major topic of discussion. However, the price of establishing quality of service on IP networks that meets the requirements of toll quality voice may well be that the economics of IP lose to ... scale deployments of IPT in lieu of circuit switching. The cost of IPT gateways is declining very rapidly, and no one has yet developed a meaningful analysis of the loaded cost of operating and...

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