... Center for Telecom-munications and Information Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, June1994.[2] Second workshop on smart antennas in wireless mobile communications, Center for ... Speech, and Signal Processing, 37(3), 360–377,March 1989.c1999 by CRC Press LLCArrayProcessingforMobileCommunicationsA.PaulrajStanfordUniversityC.B.PapadiasStanfordUniversity68.1IntroductionandMotivation68.2VectorChannelModelPropagationLossandFading•MultipathEffects•TypicalChannels•SignalModel•Co-ChannelInterference•Signal-Plus-InterferenceModel•BlockSignalModel•SpatialandTemporalStructure68.3AlgorithmsforSTPSingle-UserST-MLandST-MMSE•Multi-UserAlgorithms•SimulationExample68.4ApplicationsofSpatialProcessingSwitchedBeamSystems•Space-TimeFiltering•ChannelReuseWithinCell68.5Summary68.6References68.1 ... IntroductionandMotivationThischapterreviewstheapplicationsofantennaarraysignalprocessingtomobilenetworks.Cellularnetworksarerapidlygrowingaroundtheworldandanumberofemergingtechnologiesareseentobecriticaltotheirimprovedeconomicsandperformance.Amongtheseistheuseofmultipleantennasandspatialsignalprocessingatthebasestation.ThistechnologyisreferredtoasSmartAntennasor,moreaccurately,asSpace-TimeProcessing(STP).STPreferstoprocessingtheantennaoutputsinbothspaceandtimetomaximizesignalquality.Acellulararchitectureisusedinanumberofmobile/portablecommunicationsapplications.Cellsizesmayrangefromlargemacrocells,whichservehighspeedmobiles,tosmallermicrocellsorverysmallpicocells,whicharedesignedforoutdoorandindoorapplications.Eachoftheseoffersdifferentchannelcharacteristicsand,therefore,posesdifferentchallengesforSTP.Likewise,differentservicedeliverygoalssuchasgradeofserviceandtypeofservice:voice,data,orvideo,alsoneedspecificSTPsolutions.STPprovidesthreeprocessingleverages.Thefirstisarraygain.Multipleantennascapturemoresignalenergy,whichcanbecombinedtoimprovethesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR).Nextisspatialdiversitytocombatspace-selectivefading.Finally,STPcanreduceco-channel,adjacentchannel,andinter-symbolinterference.Theorganizationofthischapterisasfollows.InSection68.2,wedescribethevectorchannelmodelforabasestationantennaarray.InSection68.3wediscussthealgorithmsforSTP.Section68.4outlinestheapplicationsofSTPincellularnetworks.Finally,weconcludewithasummaryinSection68.5.c1999byCRCPressLLC[16]...