... contrast, the synthesis of GIF seems to be down-regulated in most other neurodegenerative diseases,including multiple-system atrophy, Parkinson s disease,progressive supranuclear palsy and amyotrophic ... throughout most tissues in mammals, GIFis predominantly found within the mammalian centralnervous system (CNS) [3]. The less-studied MT4 iso-form has a restricted synthesis profile, being foundalmost ... brain injuries. For instance, GIF mRNA wassubstantially up-regulated in reactive astrocytes sur-rounding degenerated neurons following ventricularinjection of kainic acid [18]. Also, GIF was...