... operations in ever- increasing zones, or ink spots, around their bases. In the first zone, forces tried to target and eliminate the insurgents living within the area. is required living among ... survivability.28 is means incorporat-ing into counterinsurgency doctrine and training the preparation of company and battalion commanders to lead combined-arms warfare, 23 Quoted in Rothstein, Afghanistan ... opium into morphine base. Acetic anhydride, which is the most commonly used acetylating agent in heroin processing, was smug-gled into Afghanistan from Pakistan, India, Central Asia, China,...