Tài liệu Guide to HIV, pregnancy & women’s health ppt

... resistance. HIV, pregnancy & women’s health www.i-Base.info12 September 2011HAART in pregnancy. This report found that women receiving non-AZT HAART were no more likely to transmit HIV to their ... (food pipe), stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum and, nally, the anus. It is sometimes called the GI tract. Guide to HIV, pregnancy & women’s health HIV i-BaseISSN ... out-of-date informationDiagnosed with HIV in pregnancy How HIV is transmitted to a babyMothers’ health Having an HIV-negative baby HIV, pregnancy & women’s health www.i-Base.info20 September 2011During...

... TXMedicalCenterofArlington Arlington TXMethodistCharltonMedicalCenter Dallas TX x Texas Health PresbyterianHospitalAllen Allen TXTexas Health PresbyterianHospitalDenton Denton TXElPaso,TXLasPalmasMedicalCenter ... Dubuque IAWashingtonCountyHospital&Clinics Washington IADesMoines,IAGreaterRegionalMedicalCenter Creston IAMarshalltownMedical&SurgicalCenter Marshalltown IA x MaryGreeleyMedicalCenter ... PAPinnacle Health System Harrisburg PA1©Copyright2012 Health Grades,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Healthgrades2012Trendsin Women’s Health inAmericanHospitalsThe2012HealthgradesTrendsin Women’s Health inAmericanHospitalsreportevaluatesthequalityofcareforwomenatU.S.hospitals.Eachyear,Healthgradesevaluatesgender‐specificoutcomesconcerningwomenforcardiovascularcare,boneandjoint health, maternitycare,andgynecologicsurgery.Womenpresentauniquetreatmentchallengeforthehealthcaresysteminalloftheseareas,whichspanthespectrumofcarethroughouta women’s lifetime.Womenoftenpresentwithheartconditionsatanolderagethanmenandmaypresentwithnohistoryofthedisease.Inaddition,womenmayhavelessspecificsymptoms...

... younger women are likely to be less accurate. One reason is thatthey are more likely to be trying to report the income of their parent(s),and less likely to be contributors to family income themselves.For ... 111Uptofourracialgroupscouldbechosen.Respondentswhoidentifiedthemselveswithmorethanoneracialgroupwereaskedtoselectonegroupthat‘‘bestdescribes’’them,andtheRACErecodereflectedthisresponse.Becauseoflimitedsamplesize,Asian,PacificIslander,Alaskannative,andAmericanIndianwomenwerecombinedandpresentedinthisreportas‘‘Non-Hispanicother’’races.+Comparisonwithbirthcertificatedata—Thedataintable6ofthisreportshowthatfortheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimatesofthenumberofbirthsareveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotals,bothoverall,forindividualyears,andforbirthstowhitewomen.TheNSFGestimatesaresomewhatlowerforblackwomenandsomewhathigherforwomenof‘‘other’’racesthanthebirthcertificatedata.Thesedifferenceslargely(withinsamplingerror)canceleachotherout.Butthedataintable6suggestthatsomewomenwhoreportthattheyareof‘‘other’’races(AsianorPacificIslander,orAmericanIndianorAlaskannative)inasurveyliketheNSFGmaybeclassifiedaswhiteorblackbyathirdpartyfillingoutabirthcertificate.Inaddition,somewomenwhoidentifywithmorethanoneracialgroupmayidentifythemselvesprimarilywithaparticulargroup,butathirdpartymaynotchoosethatracialgroupifaskedtoclassifythembyrace.Theseissuesdonotappeartoaffectthecomparabilityofthetotalnumberofbirthsbyyearorothercharacteristics,whichshowverygoodagreementbetweentheNSFGandtheregisteredbirths.+InterpretationofdatabyraceandHispanicorigin—DataareshownbyraceandHispanicorigininthetablesbecauseNCHSisfrequentlyaskedtoprovidedataseparatelyforwhite,black,andHispanicwomen.Raceisassociatedwithanumberofindicatorsofsocialandeconomicstatus.Measuresofsocioeconomicstatus(forexample,educationandincome)arenotalwaysavailableforthepointintimewhentheeventbeingstudiedoccurred.Whilecharacteristicssuchaseducationandincomecanchangeovertime,raceandethnicitydonotchangesotheycanbeusedatallpointsintimeasproxiesforsocioeconomicstatus.Differencesamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomeninthephenomenapresentedinthetablesprimarilyreflectthelowerincomeandeducationallevelsofblackandHispanicwomen,theirmorelimitedaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thecommunitiesinwhichtheylive,andotherfactors(seereference14,tables49,53,81,173).Forsomerecentanalysesofdifferencesinbirthratesbyraceandorigin,seereferences1,15,40,and41.ReasonsforHIVtest—Allrespondentswhoreportedthattheyhadeverhadtheirbloodtestedforhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV),thevirusthatcausesAIDS,wereaskedthereasonsfortheirmostrecenttest.Theresponselistwasasfollows:+forahospitalizationorsurgicalprocedure+toapplyforhealthorlifeinsurance+becauseyouwerepregnantorbecauseitwaspartofprenatalcare+justtofindoutifyouwereinfected+becauseofareferralbyadoctor+otherreason(specify)Table86showsthepercentscitingspecificreasons,withthepercentsaddingtomorethan100becausesomewomengavemorethanonereasonfortheirHIVtest.Reasonsforsterilizingoperations—Table54showsreasonsreportedfortuballigations,hysterectomies,andvasectomies.Foreachofhersterilizingoperations,therespondentwasasked:‘‘NowpleaselookatCardD-3whichlistssomereasonsthatwomensometimesgiveforhavingsterilizingoperations.Whichreasonorreasonsdoyoubelieveareclosesttoyourown?’’Womencouldchoosealloftheapplicableresponsesfromthefollowinglist:+Youhadallthechildrenyouwanted+Yourhusbandorpartneratthetimedidnotwantanymorechildren+Financialreasons,thatis,youcouldnotaffordanotherbaby+Medicalreasons+Reasonsrelatedtobirthcontrol+SomeotherreasonsforsterilizationThosementioning‘‘medicalreasons’’wereasked:‘‘PleaselookatCardD-4.Whichofthesemedicalreasonsdidyouhave?’’Theresponselist,againpermittingallapplicablereasonstobecoded,readasfollows:+Medicalproblemswithyourfemaleorgans+Pregnancywouldbedangeroustoyourhealth+Youwouldprobablylosea pregnancy +Youwouldprobablyhaveanunhealthychild+Someothermedicalreason(specify)Thosementioning‘‘reasonsrelatedtobirthcontrol’’intheoriginalquestionwereasked:‘‘Wasyourmethodofbirthcontroldangeroustoyourhealthordidyounotlikeyourmethodofbirthcontrolforotherreasons?’’Womenreportingmorethanonereasonfortheirsterilizingoperationwereaskedtoidentifytheirmainreason.Reasonsforvasectomies—Womenwereonlyaskedaboutreasonsforvasectomyifhercurrenthusbandorcohabitingpartnerhadhisvasectomyduringtheirrelationship.Thequestionsaskedaboutreasonsforvasectomyweregenerallysimilartothoseaskedforfemalesterilizationoperations.Theexceptionwasthatintheresponselistformedicalreasons,‘‘medicalproblemswithyourfemaleorgans’’wasreplacedwith‘‘HEhadahealthproblemthatrequiredtheoperation.’’Regionofresidence(atinterview)—TheREGIONrecodeclassifiesregionofresidenceattimeofinterviewintothefourmajorcensusregions:Northeast,Midwest,South,andWest.ThesePage112[Series23,No.19 ... 111Uptofourracialgroupscouldbechosen.Respondentswhoidentifiedthemselveswithmorethanoneracialgroupwereaskedtoselectonegroupthat‘‘bestdescribes’’them,andtheRACErecodereflectedthisresponse.Becauseoflimitedsamplesize,Asian,PacificIslander,Alaskannative,andAmericanIndianwomenwerecombinedandpresentedinthisreportas‘‘Non-Hispanicother’’races.+Comparisonwithbirthcertificatedata—Thedataintable6ofthisreportshowthatfortheyears1991–94,theNSFGestimatesofthenumberofbirthsareveryclosetothebirthcertificatetotals,bothoverall,forindividualyears,andforbirthstowhitewomen.TheNSFGestimatesaresomewhatlowerforblackwomenandsomewhathigherforwomenof‘‘other’’racesthanthebirthcertificatedata.Thesedifferenceslargely(withinsamplingerror)canceleachotherout.Butthedataintable6suggestthatsomewomenwhoreportthattheyareof‘‘other’’races(AsianorPacificIslander,orAmericanIndianorAlaskannative)inasurveyliketheNSFGmaybeclassifiedaswhiteorblackbyathirdpartyfillingoutabirthcertificate.Inaddition,somewomenwhoidentifywithmorethanoneracialgroupmayidentifythemselvesprimarilywithaparticulargroup,butathirdpartymaynotchoosethatracialgroupifaskedtoclassifythembyrace.Theseissuesdonotappeartoaffectthecomparabilityofthetotalnumberofbirthsbyyearorothercharacteristics,whichshowverygoodagreementbetweentheNSFGandtheregisteredbirths.+InterpretationofdatabyraceandHispanicorigin—DataareshownbyraceandHispanicorigininthetablesbecauseNCHSisfrequentlyaskedtoprovidedataseparatelyforwhite,black,andHispanicwomen.Raceisassociatedwithanumberofindicatorsofsocialandeconomicstatus.Measuresofsocioeconomicstatus(forexample,educationandincome)arenotalwaysavailableforthepointintimewhentheeventbeingstudiedoccurred.Whilecharacteristicssuchaseducationandincomecanchangeovertime,raceandethnicitydonotchangesotheycanbeusedatallpointsintimeasproxiesforsocioeconomicstatus.Differencesamongwhite,black,andHispanicwomeninthephenomenapresentedinthetablesprimarilyreflectthelowerincomeandeducationallevelsofblackandHispanicwomen,theirmorelimitedaccesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance,thecommunitiesinwhichtheylive,andotherfactors(seereference14,tables49,53,81,173).Forsomerecentanalysesofdifferencesinbirthratesbyraceandorigin,seereferences1,15,40,and41.ReasonsforHIVtest—Allrespondentswhoreportedthattheyhadeverhadtheirbloodtestedforhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV),thevirusthatcausesAIDS,wereaskedthereasonsfortheirmostrecenttest.Theresponselistwasasfollows:+forahospitalizationorsurgicalprocedure+toapplyforhealthorlifeinsurance+becauseyouwerepregnantorbecauseitwaspartofprenatalcare+justtofindoutifyouwereinfected+becauseofareferralbyadoctor+otherreason(specify)Table86showsthepercentscitingspecificreasons,withthepercentsaddingtomorethan100becausesomewomengavemorethanonereasonfortheirHIVtest.Reasonsforsterilizingoperations—Table54showsreasonsreportedfortuballigations,hysterectomies,andvasectomies.Foreachofhersterilizingoperations,therespondentwasasked:‘‘NowpleaselookatCardD-3whichlistssomereasonsthatwomensometimesgiveforhavingsterilizingoperations.Whichreasonorreasonsdoyoubelieveareclosesttoyourown?’’Womencouldchoosealloftheapplicableresponsesfromthefollowinglist:+Youhadallthechildrenyouwanted+Yourhusbandorpartneratthetimedidnotwantanymorechildren+Financialreasons,thatis,youcouldnotaffordanotherbaby+Medicalreasons+Reasonsrelatedtobirthcontrol+SomeotherreasonsforsterilizationThosementioning‘‘medicalreasons’’wereasked:‘‘PleaselookatCardD-4.Whichofthesemedicalreasonsdidyouhave?’’Theresponselist,againpermittingallapplicablereasonstobecoded,readasfollows:+Medicalproblemswithyourfemaleorgans+Pregnancywouldbedangeroustoyourhealth+Youwouldprobablylosea pregnancy +Youwouldprobablyhaveanunhealthychild+Someothermedicalreason(specify)Thosementioning‘‘reasonsrelatedtobirthcontrol’’intheoriginalquestionwereasked:‘‘Wasyourmethodofbirthcontroldangeroustoyourhealthordidyounotlikeyourmethodofbirthcontrolforotherreasons?’’Womenreportingmorethanonereasonfortheirsterilizingoperationwereaskedtoidentifytheirmainreason.Reasonsforvasectomies—Womenwereonlyaskedaboutreasonsforvasectomyifhercurrenthusbandorcohabitingpartnerhadhisvasectomyduringtheirrelationship.Thequestionsaskedaboutreasonsforvasectomyweregenerallysimilartothoseaskedforfemalesterilizationoperations.Theexceptionwasthatintheresponselistformedicalreasons,‘‘medicalproblemswithyourfemaleorgans’’wasreplacedwith‘‘HEhadahealthproblemthatrequiredtheoperation.’’Regionofresidence(atinterview)—TheREGIONrecodeclassifiesregionofresidenceattimeofinterviewintothefourmajorcensusregions:Northeast,Midwest,South,andWest.ThesePage112[Series23,No.19...

... trends and socio-economic factors on women’s health. The report is divided into ve chapters: demographic and socio-economic trends; women’s health issues; lifestyle; health care; and conclusion ... in the eld of EU women’s health. Each chapter is subdivided into separate sections addressing specic issues in women’s health which are oriented around the health indicators developed by ... individual and society have to promote health and prevent disease in order to full the concept of health beyond the absence of disease. Based on this understanding of women’s health, the exclusive...

... socio-economicfactors and health inequalities. They reflectthe understanding that health is more thanbiological factors. Linking health to socialand political factors led to the developmentof ... atimproving women’s incomes, and,consequently, their health. In addition to providing extensive documentation on thebreadth of women’s poverty in Manitoba,Administrative Centre:Prairie Women’s Health ... contributor to the health issues of Aboriginal women.Sharing Our Stories traces the history of health policies for First Nations people. Thedevastation of Canadian Aboriginalpopulations due to...

... Opportunities to pursue,threats to respond to .2 Opportunities to ignore,threats to accept.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.3.1.1.1 Inputs.2 Tools and Techniques.3 Outputs.1 Opportunities to ... models—feedback loops, barriers to communications, etc.• Choice of media—when to communicate in writing versus when to communi-cate orally, when to write an informal memo versus when to write a formal re-port, ... pursue,threats to respond to .2 Opportunities to ignore,threats to accept.1 Procurement.2 Contingency planning.3 Alternative strategies.4 Insurance.1 Risk managem ent plan.2 Inputs to other...

... plan to use the BSC Central web site as a tool for further innovation. For example, a moredetailed “how to guide may be written to provide step-by-step instructions to BSC coordinatorson how to ... health andstrategic performance. They are listed below within each of the four perspectives:Customer PerspectiveCustomer Satisfaction- % of customers satisfied with timeliness- % of customers ... management.54 Guide to a Balanced Scorecard: Performance Management MethodologyMoving from Performance Measurement to Performance ManagementPMM BOOK 10/20/98 8:00 PM Page 54xii Guide to a Balanced...

... Thành Phố Brisbane phương tiện đi lại công cộng thư viện tham gia sinh hoạt trong cộng đồng tài trợ cộng đồng Các cấp chính phủ ở Úc Úc có ba cấp chính phủ: liên bang, tiểu bang và địa ... Hội Đồng Thành Phố Brisbane. Chính phủ tiểu bang Chính phủ tiểu bang phụ trách nhu cầu của to n tiểu bang về lãnh vực giáo dục, y tế, vận tải, phát triển công thương nghiệp và đối phó với ... Chính phủ liên bang Chính Phủ Liên Bang Úc ban hành luật và cung cấp dịch vụ ảnh hưởng tới to n nước Úc như quan thuế, di trú, quốc phòng, an sinh xã hội, ngoại giao và thuế vụ. ...

... wether you want to start here, and go to better things, or just want to get an ip and winuke for the rest of your life(we will kinda stick with this, cause this txt isnt for "elite"-I use ... asking how to get an ip for his winuke-but I'm not here to put down lamers) i see it in alt.2600 all the time , course this newsgroup has enough problems. Enough of this, let's get ... loosley) If you want to go on to better things, I suggest that you read up on the working of tcp/ip, the stacks, ect. But for now we will concentrate on the ppl who want to use their winuke,...

... extended and put to practical use (York et al., 1988).1. To search a database efficiently, one must have a topic, or at leasta topic area, in mind. To get ready, it is best to examine somecurrent ... policy is to ask your research librarian forhelp and to be specific about the thesis, honors paper, or disserta-tion topic you wish to research. In addition, it can be productive to search a topic ... the bookis likely to be relevant to your research. Book reviews are an excellentway to bring yourself up to date on the research in your area of inter-est and to lead you to important names...