... Word-for-word translation Literal translation Faithful translation Semantic translation TL Emphasis Adaptation Free translation Idiomatic translation Communicative translation (1) The methods ... However, the lexical words are again translated out of context. Literal translation is considered the basic translation step, both in communication and semantic translation, in that translation starts ... types. As stated by Peter Newmark (1988:45) there are eight methods of translation, namely word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation,...