Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 4 pptx

... the concatenation-as-addition and the structured-concatenation proced- ures). Instead, we need a richer hierarchical structure (such as that in (9)) to represent which words go together. This hierarchical structure must ... typical example: (i) Gakusei-ga sensei-ga odotta-to itta. student-nom teacher-nom danced- that said ‘‘The student said that the teacher danced.’’ (From Uehara 2003) 1...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... that proposes constraints on X-bar theory, resulting in its eventual aban- donment. 20 Building on Pullum (19 84) and (1985). 132 phrase structure grammars and x-bar 8 Towards Set-Theoretic Constituency ... to other parts of the grammar (such as the lexicon or licensing rules), and what remains is the X-bar schema, which directly constrains constitu- ent structure without speciWc phrase...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... Szabolci (2000). 8 .4 Bare Phrase Structure Both Speas’s relativized phrase structure system and Kayne’s Antisym- metric system attempt to derive the properties of X-bar theory and phrase structure in ... speciWers are Chomsky- Adjunction structures. A similar fact explains part of the head-movement constraint (Travis 19 84) (Heads move into other heads cyclically.) In particular, it...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... projection- based theories of phrase structure, but is particularly acute in BPS where there is no plausible top-to-bottom or purely representational 160 controversies However, such a constituent- centric ... found in Stepanov (2001). 8 .4. 3 Bottom-to-top and top-to-bottom derivations Another consequence of the BPS system is the strictly upwardly cyclic nature of the phrase structure der...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... (explaining why the verb does not move to it in tenseless non-Wnite clauses), and that the position the verb lands in in (43 )isAgr (44 ). (44 )[ TP T[ NegP not [ AgrP Agr [ VP [ V’ often [ V’ V ]]]]]]. Chomsky ... the AgrS-T-AgrO-V cartography of the clausal layer is not entirely correct. First, again from Irish phrasal categories and cartography 247 () (a) IP (b) IP NP IЈ NP IЈ Infl wa...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 15:16

... Phrase Structure 1 54 8 .4. 1 The basics of BPS 155 8 .4. 2 Adjunction in BPS 158 8 .4. 3 Bottom-to-top and top-to-bottom derivations 160 8 .4. 3.1 Bottom-to-top derivations 161 8 .4. 3.2 Top-to-bottom ... 4. Second Order Relations: C-command and Government 46 4. 1. Introduction 46 4. 2. Command, kommand, c-command, and m-command 46 4. 2.1 Command and kommand (cyclic command) 47 4...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... R-expression, being inserted directly into the surface position of the wh-phrase, is never c-commanded by the pronoun, even at S -structure. This suggests that adjuncts are not part of the X-bar ... mutual c-command could occur is the case where an element c-commands itself. Hence the title The Antisymmetry of Syntax. set-theoretic constituency 147 (17) (a) He liked [which story] D -struct...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... system: Lexical-Functional Grammar Strictly speaking, Lexical-Functional Grammar does not belong in this chapter, because it posits separate constituent and relational structures (c- and f-structures); ... integral part of syntactic representation, as for example X-bar theory has done, then constituent structures need not be primitives. Constituent structures can be derived algorithmi...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... organized lexicon. Van Hoek (1997) argues that other phenomena that are sup- posed to derive from a constituent structure (e.g. c-command asym- metries) can be articulated in purely semantic terms by making reference ... frameworks, constituent structures should fol- low from the semantic and pragmatic properties of the message that is being conveyed. In this sense these approaches deri...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... kind of diagram. multi-structures 191 do-support and condition C-eVects in anti-reconstruction environ- ments. To schematize, we might hypothesize that simple constituent structure is represented ... movement such as wh- movement and raising constructions, McCawley (1982, 1989) observes that parentheticals, such as (4a), Right-Node Raising structures (4b) and other examples of non -consti...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15