Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 1 pptx

... 209 10 .4.3 Wheel-and-spoke multiplanar approaches 212 10 .5. Conclusions 217 11 . Phrasal Categories and Cartography 219 11 .1. Introduction 219 11 .2. The tripartite structure of the clause 2 21 11. 3. The ... layer 242 11 .5. The informational layer 250 11 .5 .1 S’ and CP 2 51 11. 5.2 Expanded CP 253 11 .6. Negation and adver bials 256 11 .6 .1 Negation 256 11 .6.2 Adverbs...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... form of phrase structure rules, X-bar theory should be viewed directly as a constraint on structure. 19 Other properties of 16 ‘‘X n ! (C 1 ) (C j )X n 1 (C j 1 ) (C k ) where 1 # n # 3 and for ... that proposes constraints on X-bar theory, resulting in its eventual aban- donment. 20 Building on Pullum (19 84) and (19 85). 13 2 phrase structure grammars and x-bar Part 3 Contro...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... hold at either D- or S -structure. In sentences (a) and (b), Rivera is c-commanded by he at D -structure, so we have a condi- tion-C violation. The adjunct is inserted between D- and S -structure. In ... ‘‘late’’ adjunction see Nissenbaum (19 98), Bos ˇ kovic ´ and Lasnik (19 99), Ochi (19 99) and Stepanov (20 01) . 21 See also Lasnik (19 98). set-theoretic constituency 15 9 Chomskyan gra...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... projection- based theories of phrase structure, but is particularly acute in BPS where there is no plausible top-to-bottom or purely representational 16 0 controversies However, such a constituent- centric ... be found in Stepanov (20 01) . 8.4.3 Bottom-to-top and top-to-bottom derivations Another consequence of the BPS system is the strictly upwardly cyclic nature of the phrase structure...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... (19 97), who examine some of the consequences of this approach. For an alternative view of the architecture of the clausal layer, see Dooley (19 90), Guilfoyle (19 90, 19 93, 19 94), Rouveret (19 91) , ... unpublished paper in 19 79. Stowell (19 81) proposes that this category be assimilated to the X-bar approach giving us InX,I’, and IP. Pesetsky (19 82), Huang (19 82), and Falk (19 83)...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 15:16

... non- local subject (15 ii). (15 )aþ S 1 þ b where there is a dependency between a and b (i) If S 1 , then S 2 *If S 1 ,orS 2 (ii) Either S1 or S2 *Either S1 then S2 (iii) The boy, who said S 1 , ... typical example: (i) Gakusei-ga sensei-ga odotta-to itta. student-nom teacher-nom danced- that said ‘‘The student said that the teacher danced.’’ (From Uehara 2003) 14 preliminaries simi...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... added after D -structure and movement. (16 ) X Bar À! D -Structure # Movement # S -Structure (adjunction happens here) So the derivation of (15 d) is such that the adjunct is added after the wh-phrase ... the pronoun, even at S -structure. This suggests that adjuncts are not part of the X-bar schema, at least at D -structure. See Chametzky (19 95) for further discussion of these facts....

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... other sources Ajdukiewicz 19 35; Lambek 19 58; Bar-Hillel 19 64; and more recent work such as Oehrle, Bach, and Wheelan 19 88); Moortgat 19 89; Steedman 19 89, 19 96, 2000; and Wood 19 93). For a minimalist ... 6,LFG makes use of a structured representation of grammatical functions, as dependency and constituency 17 1 shown in (2). These f-structures are mapped to the constituent...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... (a)). Example (11 b) is the same rule but applying backwards, with the argument Y on the left. 18 0 controversies 10 Multidominated, Multidimensional, and Multiplanar Structures 10 .1 Introduction The ... logical structure. This logical structure is then mapped into two diVerent constituent structures, the layered structure of the clause (LCS) and the operator structure, which ar...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... See Goldsmith (19 76), McCarthy (19 79), Pulleyblank (19 83), Clements (19 85), Sagey (19 86, 19 88), and Hammond (19 88, 2005) for discussion. 4 T1. PisirrreXexive:(8x 2 N) [:(x 0 x)]. 19 0 controversies (16 ) ... restrictions on multi-structures 19 3 do-support and condition C-eVects in anti-reconstruction environ- ments. To schematize, we might hypothesize that simple constituent st...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15