Nghiên cứu, thiết kế và chế tạo máy phay CNC 3 trục để bàn

NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D | NGHIEN KE VA CHE TAO MAY PHAY CNC TRUC DE BAN CUXJ, T H I E T RESEARCH, DESIGN AND BUILD A MINI CNC MILLING MACHINE WITH AXES ThS Nguyen Hong Linh Khoa Cdng nghe Co khi, Trfldng Dai hpc Dien lflc TOMTAT Vng dung cong nghe mdi ludn ludn la nhu cdu cap bdch cua moi nen san xuat vd moi quoc Bdi bdo trinh bay qua trinh thiet ke, che tao mdy phay CNC ba true dibdn vdi muc dich nang ca nang dao tao cong nghe mdi cdc trUdng dai hoc vd cao ddng cung nhd ddn tiep can vdi cao qud trinh hoa nhdp vdi nen cd the gidi Tfl khoa: Td dong, che tao, cong nghe, mdy ABSTRACT Applying new technology is always the urgent demand of manufacturing industry of every cou This report presents the workflow of designing and building a mini CNC machine with axes with purpose to improve qualification of teaching new technology in universities,colleges and gradua proach modern technology in the intergratingprocess with modern mechanics Keywords: Automatic, manufacture; Industry, machine l.DATVANDE Cung vdi qua trinh hien dai hda, edng nghiep hda dat nflde, nganh San xuat eO biln ddi hdi kha nang tfl ddng va sfl linh boat cang cao De dap flng dflpe dieu thi viec dfla vao sfl dung cae may gia cdng ky thuat sd CNC la dieu kiln tien quyet qua trinh san xuat Vile dfla may CNC vao sfl dung cac nganh san xuat da giup eho cae doanh nghiep tang eao kha nang gia cdng cflng nhfl cai thien dp tin cay cua san pham nhd vao cae flu diem vflpt trdi so vdi cac may gia cdng thdng thfldng TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM, Ngay nay, phan Idn cae cP sd san xuat tw Viet Nam dang dan dan sfl dung edng nghi gia cdng so CNC de thay the cac phflong phap gia cdng truyen thdng tai cac cd sd san xuat cua hp Nam bat xu thi phat trien chung cua xa hoi, khoa Cong nghe Co Khi trfldng Dai hpc Dien Lflc da nghien eflu va triln khai de tai "Tim hieu, nghien eflu va che tao may phay CNC true de ban", nham muc dich giam thieu chi phi va thdi gian vile trang bi cac may gia cdng dat tien cung nhfl dap flng nhu eau dao tao cua nha trfldng va xa hdi Sd nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO Ddi TONG QUAN M A Y GIA CONG a) Pham vi ting dung cia mdy Than may CNC bao gom: Vitme dai dc bi, dan hfldng, ddng co true ehinh, ddng co bfldc va vd may May phay CNC ba true de banco the dflpc sfl dung de thay the cac thilt bi dat tien nhap ngoai viec dao tao tay nghi eho cdng nhan hoac cae phdng thi nghiem eua cac trfldng dai hpc, cao dang Vd may: Vd may la npi chiu tai trpng chinh cho toan bd may nen de tai Ifla chpn vat lieu gia cdng la hpp kim nhdm A6061, rieng phan d l may dflpc chi tao tfl thep C45 de tang dp cflng vflng cho may CNC b) Thdng sd mdy gia cdng > Tdc dd quay cua true ehinh: Smax=1500 (v/p); > Dungcu eat: (|>2 c|)6 (mm) > Kich thflde may: 600x400x600 > Hanh trinh may: + True X: 240 (mm); + True Y: 280 (mm); + True Z: 200 (mm); > vat lieu gia cdng: Gd, nhfla, meca, nhdm > Khdi Iflpng may: 100 kg > Dpng CO truyen ddng: Dpng cd Step 24V - 3A; > Ddng CO true chinh: Spindle 1.5 kw; > Phan mem dilu khiln: Mach3 Hinh 3.1: Bdn ve lap mdy phay CNC Hai ben cua vd may dflpc che tao each dieu de tang hanh trinh true X cho may Hinh 2.1: Mo hinh mdy phay CNC NGHIEN C t r u THIET KE VA LAP RAP M A Y PHAY CNC TRUC May C' ^ true dflpc che tao gom ba bd phan chir' mem gif ' " ^^Y' ^^ ^^^^ khien va phan ''-r a)V dntnay Hinh 3.2: Bdn ve bdn dd true Y Dpng CO true chinh: Chuyen ddng quay eua true ehinh se sinh lflc cat d l cat gpt phdi qua trinh gia cdng True ehinh may cdng cu ddng vai trd quan trpng qua trinh gia cdng vi nd cung cap tdc dd cat cho dao TAP C H i CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO OOl Vdi eac thdng sd dau vao chinh nhfl: Dfldng kinh dao: D^^ = (mm); Vat Heu ed a^^^ = 750 (N/mm^); Chieu sau phay: t^^= (mm) ta xac dinh dflpc edng suat cua dpng cP la: N,=^^ P V 7/ = l,42kw De tai da Ifla chpn ddng eP true chinh la Spindle DC cd cdng suat 1.5kw vdi sd vdng quay cflc dai la 4000 vdng/ phflt He thdng dan hfldng: Thanh dan hfldng ed nhiem vu la dan hfldng cho eac chuyen dpng cua ban may theo phflOng cac true X, Y va chuyin dpng len xudng theo true Z cua true ehinh Yen eau cua he thong trflpt phai thang co kha nang chiu tai eao, cflng vflng tdt, khdng ed hien tflpng dinh, trPn trflpt Hien nay, tren cac may gia edng CNC edng nghiep, ngfldi ta thfldng sfl dung eac dan hfldng la trflpt hinh chfl n h | t Tuy nhien, san pham eua d l tai dflpc e h i tao vdi muc dich chinh la giang day va gia cdng cac vat heu mem nen he thong dan hfldng eho eac true dflpc chpn la dan hfldng cd tilt diln trdn dflpe phu Idp Crom de tang dp bong va cac bi trflpt bi tfl hdi Hinh 3.3: Dong cd true chinh Vitme dai dc bi: Vdi yeu eau cua may la truyen ddng phai em va chinb xac, sau so sanh flu nhflpe dilm cua vitme thfldng va vitme dai 6e bi de tai da quyet dinh Ifla chpn vitme dai dc bi lam CO cau truyen ddng ddng eo l/u diem cua dang vit me dai 6c bi la ma sat sinh truyen ddng la ma sat lan va dp ehinh xac truyin ddng eao Vdi viec loai bd dflpc dang ma sat trflpt thfldng sinh eac eo cau vit me thi vit me dai de bi dem den mot flu diem: ehi can mdt lflc quay rat nhd da cd the lam cho dai de ehuyin ddng Tfl edng thfle xac dinh dfldng kinh true vit me dai 6c bi la: — = 13mm Vdi ket qua tinh toan tren ta ed the chpn cae loai vitme theo tieu chuan cd dfldng kinh m m va bfldc vit mm Hinh 3.5: Thanh ddn hudng Dpng CO dieu khien true X, Y, Z: Vdi cac thdng sd da dflpc xac dinh nhfl: Kich thflde vitme, lflc cat, De tai da Ifla chpn ddng eo truyen ddng la loai ddng co bfldc phase vdi ddng dien cflc dai 3A va mdmen xoan cflc dai la 1.8 Nm Uu diem cua loai ddng co bfldc la: Dp chinh xac dich chuyen cao, dich chuyin nhanh va khdng can maeh phan hdi b) Tii dieu khien Tfl dieu khien dflpc cau tfl cac bp phan chinh: Nguon, maeh drive dieu khien dpng CO, maeh driver dieu khien true ehinh va maeh giao tiep Hinh 3.4: Vit me bi true Z TAP CHI C O KHI VIET NAM Sd nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn NGHIEN ClKU-TRAO DOI Ngudn: Nguon eua tu dien la bd biln ap chmh luu dung de chuyen dien ap xoay ehieu 220V xuong diep ap mdt chieu on dinh 24V Diln ap mpt chieu ed nhiem vu nudi cae maeh driver dieu khien true chinh eua may CNC dien de nudi ddng cp true chinh va tao dao ddng de lam thay doi tdc dp ddng co qua bd phan mem dieu khien tfl may tinh de ban Maeh driver dilu khien ddng co bfldc: De dieu khien dflpe ddng eo bfldc truyen chuyen ddng cho vitme bi thi ta can phai thiet ke diver tflOng flng de on dinh tin hieu truyin, qua tim hieu va so sanh de tai da Ifla chpn phflong an thilt k l maeh dieu khiln la maeh TB6560 vdi cac flu diem la gpn va dp ehinh xac dilu khien eao Hinh 3.8: Sd maeh in 2D driver true chinh - Maeh giao tilp: Cd rat nhieu loai maeh giao tilp, thupc vao ylu cau che tao, chi dp lam viec cua tflng loai may CNC de thiet ke maeh giao tilp cho phfl hpp vdi may Maeh giao tiep cd nhiem vu kit noi gifla may tinh PC va maeh dilu khien ddng eo, cae edng tac hanh trinh, nut dflng khan cap Maeh giao tilp BOB dfla tin bieu tfl may tinh gian tilp tac ddng vao maeh dieu khien driver, dong thdi tin hieu qua maeh dim se dflpc on dinh hOn ve dfldng truyen va bao ve cho cong LPT cua may tinh xay sfl eo Tren thfle te thi may tinh hoan toan ed kha nang ket ndi trflc tiep den cac trinh dilu khien, nhflng neu lam nhfl vay thi nguy cP rui ro, hong bdc la kha eao Bdi vay ebung ta nen sfl dung den maeh giao tiep de ed the dam bao an toan eho may lam viec Hinh 3.7: Sd maeh nguyen ly Macii driver dieu khien true ehinh: y^j, Nhiem vu ehinh eua maeh driver dilu true chinh la: Chinh Iflu edng suat ddng Hinh 3.9: Maeh giao tiep TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM, S6 nam 2014 « i \ ».cokhivietnam.\ n NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO B | Hinh 3.10: Sd maeh nguyen ly Tu dieu khien sau lap rap: mw W^ y ^: Hien nay, cd nhilu phan mem dflpe thiet ke de sfl dung dilu khien chflOng trinh may CNC, nhiln, de phfl hpp vdi tinh nang sfl dung cua may da chi tgio, de tai da chpn phan men Mach3 lam phan mem dieu khien dpng co may CNC Maeh3 la phan mem cua hang ArtSoft, ban dau dflpc thiet k l danh eho nhflng ngfldi c b l tao may CNC tai nha theo sd thich nhflng da nhanh chdng trd phan mem dieu khien linh boat cdng nghiep vdi cae tinh nang: Bien may tinh ca nhan mot bp dilu khien may CNC true; Cho phep import trflc tiep eac file dxf, bmp, jpg va hpgl thdng qua phan mem LazyCam; Hien thi G-code trflc quan; Tao file G-code thdng qua LazyCam hoac Wizards; Giao dien ed the bien hoan toan theo y tbieh ngfldi sfl dung ; Tuy bien M-code va Macro bang each sfl dung VBscript; Dieu khien dflpc nhieu rple ddngcat Chflc nang chinh cua phan m i m Mach3 la ndi suy tpa dp, giai ma xuat tin hieu xuong drive cac true va xuat tin hieu dieu khien di qua maeh dem BOB W •'.:^B « Hinh 3.11: Tu dieu khien mdy CNC c) Phan mem dieu khien Hmh 3.12: Giao dien phan mem Mach3 H TAP CHi C O KHi VIET NAM, Sd nam 2014 www.cokhivietnam.vn Hinh 3.13: Sd cdc bUdcgia cdng NGHIEN ClKU - TRAO DOI KET LUAN ^^H^^^B HB\ "M ^^^^^^RHI^^^^^^^^ '^si Hinh 4.1: Mdy phay CNC true Vile nghien eflu va che tao cdng may CNC true de ban ed the gia cdng dflpc cae be mat phflc tap tren cac vat lieu: Nhdm, ddng, mika, Da khlng dinh dflpc viec flng dung ly thuyet dao tao ciia Trfldng Dai hpc Diln lflc vao thfle tien c b l tao la vile hoan toan cd the thfle bien dflpc May CNC true de ban dflpe c b l tao cdng se md hfldng di mdi cho cac trfldng dai hpc va eao dang viec giam thieu thdi gian cung nhfl chi phi dau tfl vao trang thilt bi dat tien cua nha trfldng va tranh phu thupc cac cac thilt bi nhap ngoai san xuat cung nhfl giang day.