- TiOOlUll IUQ'Ilgdan vi qua d~p
c) D~p hiM thang, mlii thl!ang xoai d) D~p hiM thang, mlii thl!ang thfing dUng
d) D~p hiM thang, mlii thl!ang thfing dUng
Cac d~p be tong tn;mg h..rcco th~ dimg lam d~p triln, ~p khong triln. £l~p khong triln thuang co m(it c~t <4Inghinh thang. £l~p triln thuang co d(lI1ghinh cong ho(ic hinh thang. Cac d~p tran 100 thuang co d(lI1ghinh cong Cari gia - 6phi xe r6p, cac ~p triln nh6 thuang co d(lI1ghinh cong dan giiln ho(ic hinh thang.
Cac d~p tran hinh cong chu y~u d~ tang khil nang thao nuac cho d~p, nhung vi~c thi cong kho han d~p hinh thang. Cac d~p tran nh6 thuang sir d\lI1gd~p m(it dt hinh thang, cac ~p tran vira d~n 100 thuang sir d\lI1gd~p m(it c~t hinh congo
£l~p triln co th~ b6 tri cira van ho(ic cira phai d~ di~u ti~t.
Hinh thuc tieu nang cua d~p tran thuang dung la tieu nang b~ng dong chay day ( b~, tuang, b~ tuang tieu nang k~t hgp ), cac ~p tuang d6i 100 trcr len con dimg d\lng tieu nang b~ng dong chiiy m(it (d~p co mUih~t) - d(lI1gnay thuang chi sir d\lng khi n~n ch6ng xoi khong t6t, cQtnuCrctran bi~n dQngkhong nhi~u.
4.1.2. D(ic di~mva diiu ki~n lam vi~ccua d~pbetong trQng Il}'c
- £l~p be tong tr<.mgh..rcco khil nang chiu tili cao; co khil nang ch6ng thfun, ch6ng xoi t6t, vi v~y co th~ k~t hgp vira dang nuCrcvira thao nuCrcva co th~ xay d\ffig v6i nhUng d~p cao.
- £l~p be tong thuQc d\lng be tong kh6i 100, nen khi thi cong dn dugc phan kh6i db ( kh6p n6i thi cong, kh6p n6i t(lm thai ) d~ tranh hi~n tugng kh6i be tong ben trong khong t6a nhi~t duqc, se bi nhi~t dQ lilm dan ncr dful d~n be tong bi nUt (trir cac d~p thl1p).V6i cac d~p 100 con dn phan khe n6i vinh CUud~ tranh bi~n
d(lI1glam mIt ~p. T{licac khap n6i viOOciru phai b6 tri v~t chfut nu6'c kien c6 d~ tninh nu6c thfun qua cac khe n6i nay.
- Do trQng IUQIlgd~p Ian, chi~u rQng day d~p 000 nen (rng suftt truy~n xu6ng n~n Ian, vi v~y doi hOin~n phili co suc chiu tai cao.
- Vi~c thi cong doi hoi v~ kYth~t cao hon d~p dAtva d~p da. 4.1.3.LIflI chqn tuy~n va b6 tri dip
- Vi~c chQn tuy~n d~p be tong trQng I\l'ccling tuong tv OOud6i v6'i d~p dAt, d~p da. Tuy OOiendo yeu cAuve nen cao hon nen cAnUti tien cho dieu ki~n dia cMt nen.
- Khi chQntuy~rt d~p cftn cM yden vi~c b6 tri cac cong triOOdAum6i khac: C6ng lAynu6'c, OOamay thuy di~n, c6ng xa cat...
- Tuy~n d~p co th~ b6 tri 1 phftn la d~p tran va I phftn la d~p khong tran ( thuang dUng khi nen la da). Phftn d~p tran co th~b6 tri agifra ho~camQtben. V6'i cac ~p 000 amien nui, khi nen la da t6t, co th~ ch6ng dUQ"ctac ~i xoi Clla dong chily, co th~ khong cftn b6 tri phftn d~p khong tran.
- V6'i d~p tran, khi chQn tuy~n va b6 tri tran cftn chuy d~n vi~c b6 tri thi~t bi - tieu nang, sao cho dong chily vao, ra dUQ"cthu~ tranh tl;lora dong xoay lam xoi la
cua vao, cua ra d~p; n~u d~p tuong d6i cao tra len cftn b6 tri c6ng xacat. 4.1.4. Cac nqi dung thi~t k~ va yeu cAukhi thi~t k~ dip
Sau khi da chQn dUQ"ctuy~n, 10l;li~p, ta cftn thi~t k~ OOfrngnQi dung (chu y~u) sau:
- Thi~t k~ m~t cAt ngang d~p (d~p khong tran) ho~c thi~t k~ khAu di~n va m~t cAtngang d~p (d~p tran).
- Thi~t k~ thi~t bi tieu nling cho d~p (d~p tran)
- ChQn, b6 tri du tl;lothan d~p, thi~t bi ch6ng thAmqua than, qua nen va cac bQph~.
- TiOOtoan ki~m tra ve thfun.
- TiOOva ki~m tra 6n diOO,cuang dQ cho than d~p, cac bQ ph~ ( tuang ben, tuang canh ...) va nen cua chUng.
- TiOOtoan kiem tra IUncho nen cua than d~p va cac bQph~.
Yeu cAuchung ve thi~t k~ d~p be tong trQng I\l'ctuong tv OOuv6'i cac cong triOOkhac. Tuy OOienta cftn cM y nhfrng d~c di~m lam vi~c rieng cua d~p be tong
trQng l\I'c(neu 6 m\lc 4.1.2) d~ co th~ dam bao cho d~p dUQcthilh k~ la dam bflO an toan, kinh t~ phil hqp vm quy mo va di€u kien xay d\ffig cUakhu V\l'Cva Clla Viet nam. H c) b) B ,f nB ,I (1-")B ,r ., ""~
Hinh 4-2. a) Billud6 apll;lcdAyn6i; b), c): Billud6Ung sull!day mong khi co nuac vakh6ng co nuoc.
Q
Cac kich thuac co ban clla ~p xac dinh theo di€u kien 6n djnh va(mg soAtphlip
tren m(it n€n Clla d~p vm truimg hqp d~p lam viec Iy thuy6t nhu sau: Thuqng luu m\l'Cnuac vua ngang dinh d~p (thuimg I~y bkg MNDBT), hl).luu khong co mrac, khong co tai trQng ben tren, bi~u d6 ap l\I'cthb dl1yn6i co dl).llghinh tam giac. So d6 tinh cho truimg hqp nay nhu hinh (4-2).
4.2.TmETKt ~T cATNGANG D~P 4.2.1.Mijt cit Iythuy~t cua dip
1. Khlii ni~m
Mi,it c~t Iy thuy~t clla d~p co d{mg hinh tam giac nhu hinh (4-2). Kich thuac C(J ban cUa mi,itc~t Iy thuy~t g6m: chi€u cao ~p H, chi€u rQng day B va chi€u rQngngang clla mai thuqng nB va Cllamai hl).(1- n)B. ( n la M s6 chi€u rQng cUa mai thuqng so vm chi€u rQng B CUaday d~p)
Mi,itdt Iy thuy~t la co s6 d~ chQnmi,it c~t th\l'c cho d~p.
Trongso d6:
n: he s6 tY Ie gifra hinh chi~u theo phuong ngang cUamai thuqng luu so vm chi~u rQng day d~p - B
T): M s6 tY Ie gifra CQtnuac th~m dl1ynguQc tl).idi~m A so vm cQt nuac th~ clla d~p - H
2. Xac ajnh chiJu ri)ng aay agp thea aiJu ki~n sudt aay mong
Ung su~t tren m(it n6n gQi la(mg su~t day mongo Ung su~t day mong cl1n thOa man di6u kien: khong cho phep sinh (mg soAtkeo. Tuc la:aA ~ 0&aB ~ 0
Vo; dieu ki~n O"A = 0 va ciing lAy trQng luqng rieng Cllanu(rc y =1 ta tinh duc;rcB thea cong thirc (4-1).
B= H
~Yb(l- n)+n(2 - n)-11