the growing power of anomalous scattering

... the diffraction from the anomalous scatterers becomes a larger part of the total scattering If the scattering by the anomalous scatterers FH(h) represents a significant fraction of the total scattering ... corresponding to the normally scattering atoms in the crystal, but omitting the anomalous scatterers), or the phase of F n (the phase of the structure factor if all the electrons in the crystal scattered ... transform of FP will show the electron density of all the normal scatterers in the crystal; the Fourier transform of F n will show the density of all the electrons in the crystal In the MAD technique,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:49

... follows The parameter m0 corresponds to the average value of a 1D signal or feature, or the center of gravity in case of an M-dimensional feature space The value A denotes the maximum value of the ... property of negacyclic unity matrices is that they remain negacyclic when they are raised to a power [16] Consequently, the columns of the resulting matrix will permute, and the sign of its components ... if they are not redundant, but most of the power spectra of periodic transforms are translation invariant Therefore, the concept of frames and biorthogonal vector bases have to be used for the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... xuống, dới lên, việc nhận dạng theo cấu trúc thực theo cách tơng tự Việc nhận dạng dựa theo cấu trúc ý tởng cần đợc nghiên cứu thêm 7.4 mạng nơ ron nhân tạo Nhận dạng theo mạng nơ ron Trớc tiên, ... từ đơn giản đến phức tạp áp dụng cho font chữ khác nhau: tách chữ theo chiều ngang - đứng tách chữ theo theo lợc đồ xám Tách chữ theo chiều ngang đứng Với chữ in thờng in hoa, quy cách ấn loát ... ta phân chia làm họ lớn: - Họ mô tả theo tham số - Họ mô tả theo cấu trúc Cách mô tả đợc lựa chọn xác định mô hình đối tợng Nh vậy, có loại mô hình: mô hình theo tham số mô hình cấu trúc Mô hình...

Ngày tải lên: 27/08/2012, 10:19

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 21:56

... queue The functions of the other two classes may not be so obvious Between them they manage the two parts of the Store and Forward pattern: Receive manages the "store" part, and Pickup manages the ... SpecialOrder.xml when the application starts up The LoadXML() Method The workhorse of our test harness, the LoadXML() method, picks up one of the two test versions of the order XML documents and then places ... few other SQL Server objects that our document processing application relies upon The most important of these, of course, is the DocumentStatus table – this is the home of the status records The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 21:20

... these cases the pattern extracted consists of the union of the local trees that constitute the patterns for each of the empty nodes) However, given the low frequency of these constructions, there ... phases The first phase of the algorithm extracts the patterns from the trees in the training corpus The second phase of the algorithm uses these extracted patterns to insert empty nodes and index their ... follows The augmented representation for empty nodes consists of the triple of category plus string positions as above, together with the set of triples of all of the non-empty nodes the empty...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... because of common overlapping sequences The significant downregulation of the two isoforms is however, sufficient to abolish completely the effect of phorbol esters on sAPPa release in spite of the ... presence of unchanged levels of two other Ca2+-dependent PKC isoforms, PKC bI and bII, and at least one Ca2+-independent isoform, PKCd The downstream effect of different PKC isoforms is often dependent ... that the involvement of PKCa in these experiments has been ruled out because of the lack of inhibition by Go6976, which is a ¨ specific inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent isoforms In our hands the inhibitor...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... 6) These results are consistent with a hypothesis that the binding of hemolin to Rd2-LPS and Re-LPS is a result of interaction with their lipid A moiety To further investigate the interaction of ... amount of hemolin bound in the absence of unlabeled hemolin Specific binding was calculated by subtracting the amount of hemolin bound in the presence of a 50-fold excess of unlabeled hemolin (nonspecific ... binding of different moieties of LPS to M sexta hemolin Binding of hemolin to immobilized LPS from a smooth strain of E coli (026:B6) was measured in the presence of a 20-fold excess of different...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... such as the recognition of Latin characters and the classification of waveforms The purpose of this book is to cover the mathematical models of these practical problems and to provide the fundamental ... (2.13) The components cI, of this matrix are (2.14) Thus, the diagonal components of the covariance matrix are the \w.iunces of individual random variables, and the off-diagonal components are the ... place of of (2.42) The i, j component of as an approximation of iijis then given by i) ia A I N cij E -Z(x;k - mi)(x,* c” - mj) , (2.46) Nk=, where xik is the ith component of the kth sample Xg The...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 16:24

... Example output of the Elliott Wave Analyzer software when forecasting the likely conclusion of an incomplete pattern Then we checked what the market did after the analysis, and whether the software’s ... in the same direction as the trend of the next larger size A corrective wave is usually composed of three sub-waves and moves against the trend of the next larger size As the diagram shows, these ... around the world many times to work with some of the greatest minds in the industry It has required hundreds of thousands of hours of computer programming, and the analysis of millions of charts...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2014, 16:26

... species of the genus Mathematician It is this: why should you use the euclidean distance? What is so reasonable about taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences of the co-ordinates? ... choice of a,b,c that will put the points of one category on the positive side of the line and the points of the other category all on the other side Our thinking about this simple case therefore ... in front of each other Then the curve passing through the people furthest from the wall is the familiar bell shaped one of Fig.1.8., with its largest value at the average height of the sample...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 10:47

... soils, the sedimentation of water, and the moisture content of vegetation are the main contributors to the reflected energy In contrast, at the thermal end of the infrared, it is the thermal ... on the basis of a set of pattern primitives, a set of rules in the form of a grammar, and a recognizer called autoomaton Thus, we were faced with a dilemma: either to increase the size of the ... probable”? Indeed, the claqsifiers to be considered in this chapter compute either the maximum of these M values or, equivalently, the maximum of an appropriately defined function of them The unknown...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 12:33

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 12:25

... Intersection The union of G and G is the graph G = G ∪ G = (V ∪ V , E ∪ E ), i.e., the vertex set of G is the union of V and V , and the edge set is the union of E and E , respectively The intersection of ... of them would collapse into the vertex s of the contracted graph The number of these trees is |S| The union of trees T (s) contains the nonsurviving primal edges N T (s) is a spanning tree of ... average color and the size of the region they represent Each of these attributes is computed for each level of the hierarchy Note that the height of the pyramid depends only on the image content...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 12:34

... eigenvectors of K we can obtain many different labelings of the sample, and then we can consider the set of their convex combinations www.support-vector.net 49 Fixed K, choose best Y !Choosing the labels: ... Given two classes of points, find their centers of mass, and label new points according to the nearest center of mass www.support-vector.net 41 Parzen Windows ! Center of mass of a class is: C= ... PROPERTIES OF THE SOLUTION α i [yi w, xi + b − 1] = 0, ∀i Sparseness: x another fundamental property of SVMs x x g x o x x o x o o o o www.support-vector.net Properties of SVMs Summary PROPERTIES OF THE...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 13:39

... boundary Note that if the value of either of the two features were considered separately (corresponding to a projection of the data onto one or other of the axes), then there would be substantially ... oo, the ratio (1.46) goes * to zero Similarly, show that the ratio of the distance from the centre of the hypercube to one of the corners, divided by the perpendicular distance to ' one of the ... output variables, where the form of the mapping is governed by a number of adjustable parameters The process of determining the values for these parameters on the basis of the data set is called...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 14:04

... the site and scrolls a full page of posts Several pages have accumulated in the course of the day, in the wake of the surfacing of #135, but she has no appetite for them now It seems beside the ... way before, and knows that these disembodied voices are there for the amusement of the shopper "Mmmmm," purrs the male of the species The only equivalent audio 14 THE ATTACHMENT Pattern Recognition ... distance of about fifteen feet The hectic speed, and the brevity of the lines in the thread, plus the feeling that everyone is talking at once, at counter−purposes, deter her The Cube sighs softly...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 09:51

... Show that the logarithm of the likelihood ratio is linear in the feature vector x What is the equation of the decision boundary? Determine the equation of the decision boundary for the more general ... probability of error: by equation (1.4), the area of the horizontal hatching is the probability of classifying a pattern from class as a pattern from class and the area of the vertical hatching the probability ... function only of the magnitude of the difference between the pattern x and the weight vector v, then the resulting discriminant function is known as a radial basis function On the other hand, if...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 09:51

... in the same way as the target vectors The precise form of the function y(x) is determined during the training phase, also known as the learning phase, on the basis of the training data Once the ... pick the red box 40% of the time and we pick the blue box 60% of the time, and that when we remove an item of fruit from a box we are equally likely to select any of the pieces of fruit in the ... shall define the probability of an event to be the fraction of times that event occurs out of the total number of trials, in the limit that the total number of trials goes to infinity Thus the probability...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 09:51