... finding missing start/ stop codons, by defining correct exon/intron borders, by analyzing perfectly matching ESTs and by taking into account the amino acid conservation ofthe thaumatin domain ... some lectin-kinases reinforces the speculation about the potential role of TLP-K inthe induction ofthe defense system, since a rice lectin-kinase has been shown to confer resistance to the rice ... searches withthe kinase domain of TLP-Ks and retrieved only lectin-kinase genes, confirming the absence of TLP-Ks in these dicot genomes (data not shown) In S bicolor, a small-TLP-kinase (here...
... the effects of hypoxia on the steady state levels of nuclear genome encoded CytOX IV and Vb mRNAs There was no change inthe levels of these mRNAs in macrophages at h of hypoxia, the time point ... assayed in membrane fragments (SMP) by the method of Smith [20], wherein the rate of oxidation of ferrocytochrome c was measured by following the decrease in absorbency of its a band at 550 nm The ... study therefore, we investigated how O2 modulates theexpressionof mRNAs for CytOX subunits and also the catalytic activity ofthe enzyme complex Our results show that the levels of some of the...
... computing the log2 ofthe ratio between the gene expression level in TEV-infected plants and control plants (mock inoculated) and normalized by the number of genes inthe set To minimize the number ... corresponds to the telomeric repeat-binding protein (TRP1), which also contains the typical MYB motifs [26] Eight out of these nine genes were also included inthe response to auxin stimulus, being At1g71030 ... TMV coat proteins triggered the over -expression of HSP as a consequence ofthe presence of large amounts of denaturized proteinsinthe cytoplasm Alternatively, viruses may elicit HSP expression...
... aligned in a disorganised manner, which may contribute to the under-mineralisation in OA [8] Interestingly, the findings ofthe present study indicated that the ratio of COL1A1/COL1A2 mRNA expression ... non-linearly associatedwith OCN/GAPDH mRNA gene expressionThe data in this study also indicated that with increasing ALP gene expression there is decreasing bone volume, also inconsistent with ... at the IT region in hip OA diseaseThe differential gene expressionof ALP, OCN, OPN, and the alpha chains of collagen type I in OA observed from this study suggests support ofthe hypothesis of...
... (B) The use of fenofibrate was related to significant decreases intheexpressionin circulating leukocytes of CX3CL1 and CCR2 genes and a significant increase intheexpressionof SDF-1 Page of ... disturbances withthe addition of fenofibrate in patients with HIV, which is accompanied by significant changesinthe pattern of chemokine gene expressionin circulating leukocytes The data suggest ... similar effect inthe contiguous endothelial cells, which, in combination withthe CCR2 decreased expression, could be beneficial with respect to the risk of atherosclerosis considering their well...
... suggest that iNOS is involved inthe anti-inflammatory effect that follows ozone exposure Moreover, Fagan et al [27] reported changesintheexpressionof eNOS and iNOS inthe lungs of mice with severe ... throughout the exposure with ambient-air ozone motors (Model 49C; Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc., Franklin, Mass) The air-sampling probes were placed inthe breathing zone ofthe mice The mean ... constriction increases the thoracic flow asynchronously withthe nasal flow, resulting in an increase inthe box pressure signal Penh is an empiric parameter that reflects changesinthe waveform of the...
... deformations were obtained from the Finnish rainbow trout breeding programme The broodstock fish were held at the fresh water breeding station located in Tervo, Central Finland The lifecycle ofthe fish is ... were combined withthe five liability scale heritability estimates from these previous studies, the pattern found inthe Finnish data remained (Fig 1) Inthe regression model ofthe combined data ... effect without the pedigree information inthe model This effect would have accounted for the variance due to common incubation and initial rearing of full-sib families, and for parts of dominance...
... formation in this line of mice Here we report theexpression profiles at different steps of tumor evolution inthe MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic model, and we compare these profiles with those inthe MMTV-Neu ... MMTV-Neu-induced tumors described inthe preceding section suggest that initiating oncogenes strongly influence gene expressioninthe tumors arising in these two Genome Biology 2005, 6:R84 information ... However, their use in defining expression patterns in tumor evolution and in correlating genotypes with phenotypes has been limited because ofthe poor availability of tissues at different stages in...
... border ofthe mandible Impulses carried by the trigeminal nerve enter directly into the brainstem inthe region ofthe pons to synapse inthe trigeminal spinal tract nucleus This region ofthe brainstem ... region ofthe brain i.e brainstem and PFC could play different roles in pain and contribute to different part ofthe pain system The use of KF38789 in inhibiting P-selectin and the use of mS100A9p ... examine gene expression and miRNA changesinthe brainstem and prefrontal cortex in a mouse facial carrageenan injection model of orofacial pain At the brainstem level, increased expression of...
... GENE EXPRESSIONCHANGESINTHE BRAINSTEM IN A MOUSE MODEL OF OROFACIAL PAIN DR LUTFUN NAHAR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 II GENE EXPRESSIONCHANGESINTHE BRAINSTEM IN A MOUSE MODEL OF ... also induces theexpressionofthe immediate early genes c-fos which, in turn, could lead to changesintheexpressionof other genes (Ro et al., 2007), such as those involved inthe production of ... into the brainstem inthe region ofthe pons to synapse inthe trigeminal spinal tract nucleus This region ofthe brainstem is structurally very similar to the dorsal horn ofthe spinal cord It...
... in e A III LV E B dc dc e vtw vtw E C vt dt D Fig Thickness of Ventral Telencephalon Wall (µm) 300 250 * 200 150 100 50 Fig Control Diabetic vt dt vt vt A B Fig % of BrdU-cells in Ventral ... vt B e A Fold of induction 3.5 ** 2.5 1.5 0.5 Control Diabetic B 333bp C Fig dc dc III vt A vt B LV A Fig dc e dc III vt vt LV A Fig dt B III e e e dc vt LV A Fig 10 B A Fold of induction 1.5 ... TGF-ß l TGF-ß l III III E F TNF-α III G Fig 17 TNF-α G III H Lectin TGF-ß1 A B C Lectin TNF-α III D Fig 18 TGF-ß1+Lectin TNF-α+Lectin III III E F tm III htms III htm A Fig 19 B 50 Mean Cell numbers/mm...
... through the cultivation and the ratio ofthe increased amount of SS to the increased amount of Chl.a was higher than that ofthe algae Increased amount of SS were higher inthe cases of high ... collected at the middle parts ofthe grove from points Sampling points St.1 and St.2 are inthe same stream, and sampling point St.3 is inthe other stream The two streams flow together to be one ... periphery ofthe Seto Inland Sea The location ofthe research area and the distribution ofthe citrus groves in Matsuyama region are shown in Fig Matsuyama is situated in Shikoku Island inthe southwestern...
... to the outside to indicate the side ofthe tube on which the DNA will be pelleted Remove the ethanol by aspirating off with a pipettor, taking care not the touch the side ofthe tube withthe ... scintillation counter In practice the SPA beads are coated with streptavidin that binds biotin If one ofthe PCR primers is biotinylated then during amplification inthe presence of [3H] dTTP the products ... functional domain mapping ofproteins where fragments that represent protein domains are expressed and functionally analyzed using in vitro assays Furthermore, rapid in vitro protein–protein interaction...
... dystrophin on theexpressionof Ca2+-binding proteinsThe relatively unique combination ofthe pI value and molecular mass of individual 2D spots can be useful inthe initial identification ofproteins ... muscle proteins probably overestimate the presence of soluble proteins and underestimate theexpressionof membrane -associated proteins Despite these problems, the proteomics analysisofthe protein ... ÔStains-AllÕ was used to determine potential changesintheexpressionof major Ca2+-binding proteinsin dystrophic fibres A comparison between the selective dye labelling of protein spots in Fig...
... the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of palmitate, the precursor of FFAs The inhibition of signaling by trophic factors, removal of trophic factors or inhibition of fat synthesis result in ... could increase the esterification of FFAs; (c) NPs could down-regulate the b-oxidation of FFAs; and ⁄ or (d) NPs could modulate theexpressionofproteins involved inthe retention of lipids in LDs, ... periods of time without trophic factors inthe cellular medium Serum, a mixture ofproteins isolated from the blood (in this study, from the blood of bovine fetus), is a source of trophic factors The...
... screening curves without operational constraints were applied Though they not include uncertainty in wind generation inthe analysis, they find that the inclusion of operational constraints in investment ... binding inthe RT, thus limiting the options for maintaining a balance in RT The combined-cycle vintage (CCGT) modeled in this analysis, for instance, is assumed to not be able to start within ... early evening hours when the sun is setting The decline inthe energy value is due to a combination of increased part-loading of CCGTs, increased displacement ofthe small amount of incumbent...
... induced in HDC by histidine and histidine-analogs involve alterations inthe environment ofthe aromatic amino acid residues ofthe protein Fig Thermal denaturation ofthe free HDC holoenzyme and the ... detected inthe spectra Summarizing, data shown in Fig reinforce our previous findings on the tautomeric forms ofthe internal aldimine inthe free holoenzyme [19] and the reaction carried out withthe ... Unfolding ofthe protein can be deduced from changesinthe spectra observed with increasing temperatures (Fig 9), as well as from thechanges observed inthe ellipticity at 222 nm (Fig 10) Nevertheless,...
... Sonny.As the story nears completion, a single event brings the narrator out ofthe second phase and intohis third phase It is in this final pahse that the narrator obtains a true understanding of Sonny ... freedom.Finally, during the third phase, the narrator finally started caring about Sonny instead of try tocare for Sonny He no longer saw him as just something to be taken care of, he finally began ... brother He became sensitive to what offended Sonny and took caution to avoid them He was willing tobe interested in what Sonny interested in Finally, he was willing to sit and listen to Sonny instead...