... research inthe field application-perceived Quality ofServiceThe work was done at the School of Engineering at Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) inthe context ofthe Personal Information for Intelligent ... ≥ min) The time scale is also of interest inthe context of demand modeling and provisioning For instance, [27] is using a ΔT = interval when measuring the point-to-point traffic matrix inthe ... Quality ofService from the viewpoints ofthe application and user The focus ofthe thesis is on thein uence ofthe network on the applicationperceived Quality ofService and thus the user perceived...
... solution The original incarnation of CL is described by Bulusu et al [17] and localizes the transmitting source of a message to the (x, y) coordinates obtained from averaging the coordinates of all ... space, or in closed-form, where the coordinates of a single point are determined Open-form solutions may be constructed as the intersection of rings, or annuli, around the receivers of a particular ... values In addition, rather than increasing the weighting factor exponent by one for each observation in time, we correlate the exponent with the relative position of each receiver’s RSS value within...
... Transmission scheduling From a single user’s point of view, transmission scheduling determines the times for transmitting the head of line packet inthe (sorted) buffer Transmission scheduling can be used ... apply a modelling technique inthecase when a single user has to consider its self-optimization inthe presence of other users (interference) The characteristic and the property ofthe optimal ... packet At the beginning of a frame, the sender first decides to transmit or not based on the observation ofthe number of residual file packets inthe buffer and also the delay constraint Furthermore,...
... promising method for improving the performance ofwirelessnetworksThe diversity gain provided by the cooperation among thewireless nodes can be utilized to mitigate the effects of fading inthe ... in AF scheme, the relay node sends a magnified copy ofthe received signal from S without determining the actual contents ofthe signal In contrast, inthe DF method the relay first decodes the ... used inthe relay nodes for achieving diversity gain Other approaches are proposed for exploiting the cooperation diversity inthe MAC layer as well The main challenge in MAC is to find the best...
... xuất lương thực (như quay vòng chất dinh dưỡng, ngưng kết chất nitơ, quản lý sâu bệnh thống v.v.), đặc biệt sử dụng tốt tri thức kỹ người nông dân tăng cường tự tin khả họ Định nghĩa Smyth Dumanski ... lượng công việc kinh tế việc nhà tạo gánh nặng cho họ, (c) luật lệ phong tục không cho phép người phụ nữ tiếp cận tới đất đai, tín dụng, đầu vào, việc làm, giáo dục, thông tin hay y tế Sự khác ... tiếp cận lực khuyến khích học tập cá nhân xã hội Thay đổi kĩ thuật trình phức tạp với yếu tố sinh-lý kinh tế - xã hội Đó không việc giới thiệu khía cạnh kĩ thuật mà kết suy nghĩ hoạt động đài phát...
... charged of infringing copyright ofthe publishers and ofthe music artists Distributed versions oftheservice were developed, consisting of a central server containing pointers to the location ofthe ... of services There is a long body of experience of implementing services within the telecommunications industry The basic reason for this is that inthe communications model of telephony the services ... satisfied The ITU-T provides a long list of Internet service types in [G.1010] In [Y.1541], the following summary classification for Internet services is given in Table 2.1: The following types of Internet...
... role of insurance and credit in explaining the existence and success of contract farming arrangements This is undoubtedly thecaseinthe instance of poultry farming as well In terms of value, the ... ABSTRACT This paper is an empirical analysis ofthe gains from contract farming inthecaseof poultry production inthe state of Andhra Pradesh in India The paper finds that contract ... of these issues Neither of these papers, however, considers the gains to the processors from contracting THE POULTRY INDUSTRY IN ANDHRA PRADESH The poultry industry has seen rapid growth in India...
... Introduction Civil Society inthe 1990s: The Quest for Associational AutonomyAlong with its Limits Enter the Internet: The Public Sphere in Transnational Times Asserting Citizenship: The ... Public Sphere in Transnational Times Asserting Citizenship: The Public Sphere and Civil Society inthe Internet Era From Voice via Web to Civil Society Action? Conclusions Ă Ê ... Â Debating Cuban Exceptionalism, London/New York: Palgrave, 2007 (edited with Laurence Whitehead). hoffmann@giga-hamburg.de ÊÊ Đ
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... Ethernet cable at a desk Developers can work inthe library, in a conference room, inthe parking lot, or even inthe coffee house across the street As long as thewireless users remain within ... accelerating the development of secure wireless LAN solutions Chapter Overview of 802.11 Networks Before studying the details of anything, it often helps to get a general "lay ofthe land." A basic introduction ... Many ofthe features ofthe standard come into their own only when the network is congested, either with a lot of traffic or with a large number ofwireless stations Networks are increasingly...
... is integrated, and, without the integration, is undefined If the integration interval a ~ b includes the integration of over this interval is 1; if lies outside ofthe integration interval, the ... a “head” inthe coin-throwing wins the grand prize In this game, the random “event” of interest is “winning the grand prize.” This event would “occur,” if the trials produce the following outcomes: ... denote the set of all real numbers, i.e., the continuum, from to Since the real line is a continuum, discrete points are also included inthe set Figure 2-1 illustrates the mapping from to x on the...
... mitigates the unfairness by reducing the chances of transmission for the sending stations inthe way of increasing the minimum contention window size The downlink compensation access (DCA) algorithm in ... weight ofinthe interval of [40s, 80s], and the weight returns to after this interval; • Region-2 starts to have the weight ofinthe interval of [80s, 120s], and it returns to at the instant of 120s ... - The scenario for generating wireless link errors is the same one as used inthe Section 6.2.1; in other words, wireless link errors appear inthe period of [30s,70s] Figure 11b presents the...
... simplification relates the minimum-length scheduling problem to the problem of obtaining a maximal matching in a non-bipartite graph [11] However, due to the broadcast nature ofthewireless medium ... increasing function ofthe SINR threshold (see e.g., [22]) This gives rise to the following trade-off: By increasing the transmission rate, the number of transmitters that can successfully satisfy the ... Time-varying networksInthe previous section, we focused on time-invariant channels However, in reality, thewireless channel is time-varying, due to the effects of fading, node mobility, etc In this...
... mitigates the unfairness by reducing the chances of transmission for the sending stations inthe way of increasing the minimum contention window size The downlink compensation access (DCA) algorithm in ... weight ofinthe interval of [40s, 80s], and the weight returns to after this interval; • Region-2 starts to have the weight ofinthe interval of [80s, 120s], and it returns to at the instant of 120s ... - The scenario for generating wireless link errors is the same one as used inthe Section 6.2.1; in other words, wireless link errors appear inthe period of [30s,70s] Figure 11b presents the...
... varying number of users and varying loads from the applications of these users For wireless networks, the varying quality ofthe radio channel will further add uncertainty to the size ofthe ... algorithm is independent ofthe duration and placement ofthe time-window TW We can intuitively say that the offline parameter increases the throughput fairness ofthe system, whereas the online parameters ... value of Si by using efficient link adaptation and (close-to-)capacity-achieving codes Assuming Rayleigh faded channel gains, and denoting by pgi (g) the PDF ofthe CNR of user i, the PDF for the...
... estimate the changing value ofthe congestion window size We set the ICE measurement as periodic inthe experiment The original heartbeat mechanism was applied for the remainder ofthe time to ... can distinguish different levels of a timed out packet, which solves the defect ofthe original SCTP’s single count as shown in Figure The proposed method counts the number of timeouts in a large ... also increases the cost by power of two to reflect different levels of timeout Therefore, the path reaches the inactive threshold quickly when a long-term error occurs on the path, as inthe original...
... that R is below 5% of r inthe considered range of p Knowing that the bandwidth of wired links is usually larger than that ofthewireless link, the bandwidth overhead ofthe ERSN and ELN messages ... number of backlogged segments N inthe network It updates a three-state machine based on the changes of N Within the state machine, an increase of N during two consecutive intervals leads to the ... that the sending rate of TCP senders is not clamped by the receivers’ dynamics IEEE 802.11b [38] is used for the data link layer of a wireless link and the queue size of each wired link and the wireless...
... detect the start oftheattacks but show a relative large delay in detecting the ending points In other words, these algorithms seem to be sensitive to the location ofthe change points and to the ... essentially on the cardinality of every cluster and the local density ofthe elements within the feature space (2) The first point in every cluster is the center ofthe cluster meaning that an unclustered ... nonstationarity ofthe transient, a sliding window is considered Supposing that the number of samples inthe transient signal is Ns and that w is the width ofthe sliding window, the number of feature...
... protocol for the two-hop relay channel, including the direct link, is considered In both cases, the goal is to design protocols to touch all points ofthe optimal diversity multiplexing tradeoff ... multiplexing The system uses a distributed implementation of an Alamouti code and discusses several interesting implementation issues Experimental results show gains inthe order of dB to maintain ... coding techniques The authors elaborate the practical computational requirements and constraints ofthe cooperative techniques under evaluation, and they provide an accurate assessment of the...
... mechanisms inthe network On the other hand, a lot of attention has been given in reducing the delays introduced during the association/handoff procedure The authors in [3] describe in detail the main ... is the basic part inthe proposed mechanism presented in [16] while monitoring ofthewireless communication links is the basic component ofthe proposed handoff mechanism in [17] In [18], the ... too Finally, in [23] there is an interesting study of different fast handoff mechanisms Our work in this paper eliminates the delays inthe first part ofthe handoff procedures (scanning and probing...
... from E and the rest ofthe arcs cannot have any cycle containing the special arc Lemma No cycle containing the arc from the object to its negation can be in E − S∗ Proof Suppose there exists ... Theorem The minimum feedback arc set for the graph G contains m + u edges, where u is the minimum number of unsatisfied clauses ofthe formula F Proof This theorem will be proved as a consequence of ... minimum Then we assign each variable xi in F a value depending on which set of edges with endpoints in {xi1 , xi2 } is included inthe feedback arc set If all the edges from xi1 to xi2 are in...